JAPANESE ROYALTY PRINCESS ASKA JAPAN SISTER VINTAGE ORIGINAL EMPEROR HIROHITO for Sale

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JAPANESE ROYALTY PRINCESS ASKA JAPAN SISTER VINTAGE ORIGINAL EMPEROR HIROHITO For Sale

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JAPANESE ROYALTY PRINCESS ASKA JAPAN SISTER VINTAGE ORIGINAL EMPEROR HIROHITO:
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PRINCESS ASKA OF JAPAN BROTHER OF THE EMPEROR VINTAGE ORIGINAL 6 1/2 X 8 1/2 INCH PHOTOSister of the Emperor of Japan.503191The Princess Ask a, sister of the Emperor of Japan,withher husband, Prince Asaka, are shown on our photograph upontheir arrival to New York on their way home after a threeyears world tour.

His Imperial Highness Prince Takamatsu (Nobuhito) was born on 3 January 1905 at the Aoyama Detached Palace in Tokyo, the third son of Emperor Taisho. His given name was Nobuhito, while his personal title for the young members was Prince Teru (Teru-no-Miya). On 4 February 1930, Prince Takamatsu married Kikuko, the second daughter of the late Yoshihisa Tokugawa.

In addition to his official duties at the Imperial Palace, Prince Takamatsu served as Honorary President for a variety of organizations in diverse fields, including international friendly relations, health and welfare, the fine arts and crafts and sports. Prince Takamatsu attended many commemorative ceremonies and other events, accompanied by Princess Takamatsu, where he offered his encouragement to the people involved.

Prince Takamatsu passed away on 3 February 1987. He was 82 years old.

Her Imperial Highness Princess Takamatsu (Kikuko) was born on 26 December 1911, the second daughter of the late Yoshihisa Tokugawa.

In addition to her official duties at the Imperial Palace, Princess Takamatsu expended tremendous efforts in the development of medical care, demonstrating an interest in activities towards the eradication of cancer and the reconstruction and operation of hospitals around the country in her capacity as Honorary President of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund and \"Saiseikai\" Imperial Gift Foundation. Princess Takamatsu\'s activities extended to a broad range of areas, including welfare, culture and international relations of goodwill.

Princess Takamatsu passed away on 18 December 2004. She was 92 years old.

Emperor Ninmyō, 810–850Emperor Kōkō, 830–867Emperor Uda, 867–931Emperor Daigo, 885–930Emperor Murakami, 926–967Emperor En\'yū, 959–991Emperor Ichijō, 980–1011Emperor Go-Suzaku, 1009–1045Emperor Go-Sanjō, 1034–1073Emperor Shirakawa, 1053–1129Emperor Horikawa, 1079–1107Emperor Toba, 1103–1156Emperor Go-Shirakawa, 1127–1192Emperor Takakura, 1161–1181Emperor Go-Toba, 1180–1239Emperor Tsuchimikado, 1196–1231Emperor Go-Saga, 1220–1272Emperor Go-Fukakusa, 1243–1304Emperor Fushimi, 1265–1317Emperor Go-Fushimi, 1288–1336Emperor Kōgon, 1313–1364Emperor Sukō, 1334–1398Prince Yoshihito Fushimi, 1351–1416Prince Sadafusa Fushimi, 1372–1456Emperor Go-Hanazono, 1419–1471Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado, 1442–1500Emperor Go-Kashiwabara, 1464–1526Emperor Go-Nara, 1495–1557Emperor Ōgimachi, 1517–1593Prince Masahito, 1552–1586Emperor Go-Yōzei, 1572–1617Emperor Go-Mizunoo, 1596–1680Emperor Reigen, 1654–1732Emperor Higashiyama, 1675–1710Prince Naohito Kanin, 1704–1753Prince Sukehito Kanin, 1733–1794Emperor Kōkaku, 1771–1840Emperor Ninkō, 1800–1846Emperor Kōmei, 1831–1867Emperor Meiji, 1852–1912Emperor Taishō, 1879–1926Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu
Yoshihito[a] (31 August 1879 – 25 December 1926), posthumously honored as Emperor Taishō,[b] was the 123rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 1912 until his death in 1926. The era he presided over is known as the Taishō era.
Born to Emperor Meiji and his concubine Yanagiwara Naruko, Yoshihito was proclaimed crown prince in 1888, his two older siblings having died in infancy. In May 1900, he married Kujō Sadako, a member of the Kujō family of the Fujiwara clan. The couple had four sons: Hirohito, Yasuhito, Nobuhito and Takahito.
When his father died from kidney failure and ulcerative colitis in July 1912, Yoshihito—then 32 years old—ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne and became emperor of Japan. Suffering from neurological issues for the better part of his life, he played only a limited role in politics and from 1919 on undertook no official duties. His reign was characterized by a liberal and democratic shift in political power known as Taishō Democracy. He also oversaw Japan\'s entrance in the First World War (1914–1918), the Spanish flu pandemic (1918–1920), and the Great Kantō earthquake of September 1923.
Yoshihito\'s declining health led to the appointment of his eldest son, Crown Prince Hirohito, as prince regent in 1921. He spent the rest of his life as a recluse. Yoshihito died of a heart attack at the age of 47 following a bout of pneumonia in December 1926, and was succeeded by Hirohito.
Early lifePrince Yoshihito was born at the Tōgū Palace in Akasaka, Tokyo to Emperor Meiji and Yanagiwara Naruko, a concubine with the official title of gon-no-tenji (imperial concubine). As was common practice at the time, Emperor Meiji\'s consort, Empress Shōken, was officially regarded as his mother. He received the personal name of Yoshihito Shinnō and the title Haru-no-miya from the Emperor on 6 September 1879. His two older siblings had died in infancy, and he too was born sickly.[1]
Prince Yoshihito contracted cerebral meningitis within three weeks of his birth.[2]
As was the practice at the time, Prince Yoshihito was entrusted to the care of his great-grandfather, Marquess Nakayama Tadayasu, in whose house he lived from infancy until the age of seven. Prince Nakayama had also raised Taishō’s father, the Emperor Meiji, as a child.[3]
From March 1885, Prince Yoshihito moved to the Aoyama Detached Palace, where he was tutored in the mornings on reading, writing, arithmetic, and morals, and in the afternoons on sports, but progress was slow due to his poor health and frequent fevers.[4] From 1886, he was taught together with 15–20 selected classmates from the ōke and higher ranking kazoku peerage at a special school, the Gogakumonsho, within the Aoyama Palace.[4]
Yoshihito was officially declared heir on 31 August 1887, and had his formal investiture as crown prince on 3 November 1888. While crown prince, he was often referred to simply as Tōgu (東宮) (\'Eastern Palace\', a metonymy for heir to the throne, which originated from China\'s Han dynasty).Crown Prince Tōgu with his father and stepmother strolling in Asukayama Park accompanied by ladies of the court. Colour woodblock print by Yōshū Chikanobu, 1890Education and trainingWhen Yoshihito became the age to enter elementary school in 1886, due to his health problems, Takehiko Yumoto was appointed as the special education officer to educate him within the Tōgū Palace.[5] For these health reasons, he spent much of his youth at the Imperial villas at Hayama and Numazu, both of which are located at the sea. Although the prince showed skill in some areas, such as horse riding, he proved to be poor in areas requiring higher-level thought.[citation needed] He was finally withdrawn from Gakushuin before finishing the middle school course in 1894. However, he did appear to have an aptitude for languages and continued to receive extensive tutoring in French, Chinese, and history from private tutors at the Akasaka Palace;[citation needed] Emperor Meiji gave Prince Takehito responsibility for taking care of Prince Yoshihito, and the two princes became friends.
From 1898, largely at the insistence of Itō Hirobumi, the Prince began to attend sessions of the House of Peers of the Diet of Japan as a way of learning about the political and military concerns of the country. In the same year, he gave his first official receptions to foreign diplomats, with whom he was able to shake hands and converse graciously.[6] His infatuation with western culture and tendency to sprinkle French words into his conversations was a source of irritation for Emperor Meiji.[7]
In October 1898, the Prince also traveled from the Numazu Imperial Villa to Kobe, Hiroshima, and Etajima, visiting sites connected with the Imperial Japanese Navy. He made another tour in 1899 to Kyūshū, visiting government offices, schools and factories (such as Yawata Iron and Steel in Fukuoka and the Mitsubishi shipyards in Nagasaki).[8]
Marriage
Emperor Taishō\'s four sons in 1921: Hirohito, Takahito, Nobuhito and YasuhitoOn 10 May 1900, Crown Prince Yoshihito married the then 15-year-old Kujō Sadako, daughter of Prince Kujō Michitaka, the head of the five senior branches of the Fujiwara clan. She had been carefully selected by Emperor Meiji for her intelligence, articulation, and pleasant disposition and dignity – to complement Prince Yoshihito in the areas where he was lacking.[2] The Akasaka Palace was constructed from 1899 to 1909 in a lavish European rococo style, to serve as the Crown Prince\'s official residence. The Prince and Princess had the following children: Hirohito, Yasuhito, Nobuhito, and Takahito.
In 1902, Yoshihito continued his tours to observe the customs and geography of Japan, this time of central Honshū, where he visited the noted Buddhist temple of Zenkō-ji in Nagano.[9] With tensions rising between Japan and Russia, Yoshihito was promoted in 1903 to the rank of colonel in the Imperial Japanese Army and captain in the Imperial Japanese Navy. His military duties were only ceremonial, but he traveled to inspect military facilities in Wakayama, Ehime, Kagawa and Okayama that year.[10]
In October 1907, the Crown Prince toured Korea, accompanied by Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō, General Katsura Tarō,[citation needed] and Prince Arisugawa Taruhito. It was the first time an heir apparent to the throne had ever left Japan.[11] During this period, he began studying the Korean language, although he never became proficient at it.[citation needed]
IssueEmperor Taishō and Empress Teimei had four sons and twelve grandchildren (five grandsons and seven granddaughters).
Name Birth Death Marriage Their childrenDate SpouseHirohito, Emperor Shōwa(Hirohito, Prince Michi) 29 April 1901 7 January 1989 26 January 1924 Princess Nagako of Kuni Shigeko Higashikuni (Shigeko, Princess Teru)Sachiko, Princess HisaKazuko Takatsukasa (Kazuko, Princess Taka)Atsuko Ikeda (Atsuko, Princess Yori)Emperor Emeritus Akihito (Akihito, Prince Tsugu)Masahito, Prince Hitachi (Masahito, Prince Yoshi)Takako Shimazu (Takako, Princess Suga)Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu(Yasuhito, Prince Atsu) 25 June 1902 4 January 1953 28 September 1928 Setsuko Matsudaira noneNobuhito, Prince Takamatsu(Nobuhito, Prince Teru) 3 January 1905 3 February 1987 4 February 1930 Kikuko Tokugawa noneTakahito, Prince Mikasa(Takahito, Prince Sumi) 2 December 1915 27 October 2016 22 October 1941 Yuriko Takagi Yasuko Konoe (Princess Yasuko of Mikasa)Prince Tomohito of MikasaYoshihito, Prince KatsuraMasako Sen (Princess Masako of Mikasa)Norihito, Prince TakamadoReignSee also: Japan during World War I
Emperor Yoshihito in 1912
Emperor Yoshihito on his way to the opening ceremony of the Imperial Diet in 1917, during World War IOn 30 July 1912, upon the death of his father, Emperor Meiji, Prince Yoshihito ascended the throne. The new emperor was kept out of view of the public as much as possible, having suffered from various neurological problems. At the 1913 opening of the Imperial Diet of Japan, one of the rare occasions he was seen in public, he is famously reported to have rolled his prepared speech into a cylinder and stared at the assembly through it, as if through a spyglass.[12] Although rumors attributed this to poor mental condition, others, including those who knew him well, believed that he may have been checking to make sure the speech was rolled up properly, as his manual dexterity was also handicapped.[13]
His lack of articulation and charisma, his disabilities and his eccentricities, led to an increase in incidents of lèse majesté. As his condition deteriorated, he had less and less interest in daily political affairs, and the ability of the genrō, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Imperial Household Minister to manipulate his decisions came to be a matter of common knowledge.[14] The two-party political system that had been developing in Japan since the turn of the century came of age after World War I, giving rise to the nickname for the period, \"Taishō Democracy\", prompting a shift in political power to the Imperial Diet of Japan and the democratic parties.[15]
After 1918, the emperor no longer was able to attend Army or Navy maneuvers, appear at the graduation ceremonies of the military academies, perform the annual Shinto ritual ceremonies, or even attend the official opening of sessions of the Diet of Japan.[16]
After 1919, he undertook no official duties, and Crown Prince Hirohito was named prince regent (sesshō) on 25 November 1921.[17]
The emperor\'s reclusive life was unaffected by the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918 and Great Kantō Earthquake of 1923. Fortuitously, he had moved by imperial train to Tamozawa Imperial Villa at Nikko the week before the devastating calamity; but his son, Crown Prince Hirohito, remained at the Imperial Palace where he was at the heart of the event.[18] Carrier pigeons kept the Emperor informed as information about the extent of the devastation became known.[19]
Death
Funeral of Emperor Taisho in TokyoIn early December 1926, it was announced that the emperor had pneumonia. He died of a heart attack at 1:25 a.m. on 25 December 1926 at the Hayama Imperial Villa at Hayama, on Sagami Bay south of Tokyo (in Kanagawa Prefecture).[20] He was 47 years old and succeeded by his eldest son, Hirohito, Emperor Shōwa.
The funeral was held at night (February 7 to February 8, 1927) and consisted of a 4-mile-long procession in which 20,000 mourners followed a herd of sacred bulls and an ox-drawn cart containing the imperial coffin. The funeral route was lit with wood fires in iron lanterns. The emperor\'s coffin was then transported to his mausoleum in the western suburbs of Tokyo.[21]
Emperor Taishō has been called the first Tokyo Emperor because he was the first to live his entire life in or near Tokyo. His father was born and reared in Kyoto; and although he later lived and died in Tokyo, Emperor Meiji\'s mausoleum is located on the outskirts of Kyoto, near the tombs of his imperial forebears; but Emperor Taishō\'s grave is in Tokyo, in the Musashi Imperial Graveyard in Hachiōji.[22] His wife and his son, the Emperor Shōwa, are buried near him.
HonoursNational honoursGrand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, 3 November 1889;[23] Collar, 10 May 1900[24]Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd class, 1 April 1906[25]
Emperor Yoshihito in the robes of the Order of the GarterForeign honoursAustria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 18 July 1900[26]Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (military), July 1898[27]Denmark: Knight of the Order of the Elephant, 9 October 1899[28]France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, 3 May 1899[26]German Empire: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 21 December 1899[26]Kingdom of Bavaria: Knight of the Order of St. Hubert, 16 March 1904[26]Greece Kingdom of Greece:Grand Cross of the Order of George IGrand Cross of the Order of the RedeemerKingdom of Italy:Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, 22 March 1900[29]Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 22 March 1900Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy, 22 March 1900Korean Empire: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Golden Ruler, 20 September 1900[26]Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 12 July 1900[26]Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav, with Collar, 26 September 1922[30]Poland: Knight of the Order of the White EagleKingdom of Portugal: Grand Cross of the Sash of the Two Orders, April 1904[26]Russian Empire: Knight of the Order of St. Andrew, 2 July 1900[26]Thailand Siam: Knight of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, 26 October 1899[31]Spain: Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 17 May 1896[32]Sweden: Knight of the Order of the Seraphim, 20 September 1907[33]United Kingdom: Stranger Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter, 18 September 1912[34]Notes
The Imperial House (皇室, Kōshitsu) is the imperial family of Japan, consisting of those members of the extended family of the reigning emperor of Japan who undertake official and public duties. Under the present constitution of Japan, the emperor is \"the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people\". Other members of the imperial family perform ceremonial and social duties, but have no role in the affairs of government. The duties as an emperor are passed down the line to their male children. The Japanese monarchy is the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world.[1]
The imperial house recognizes 126 monarchs, beginning with Emperor Jimmu (traditionally dated to 11 February 660 BC), and continuing up to the current emperor, Naruhito. However, scholars have agreed that there is no evidence of Jimmu\'s existence,[2][3] that the traditional narrative of the imperial family’s founding is mythical, and that Jimmu is a mythical figure.[4] Historical evidence for the first 25 emperors is mythical, but there is sufficient evidence of an unbroken agnatic line since the early 6th century.[5] Historically, verifiable emperors of Japan start from AD 539 with Emperor Kinmei.[2][6][7]
List of current members
The Japanese imperial family tree as of February 2022
Emperor Naruhito and Empress Masako with some of the other members of the imperial family, 2021Japanese imperial familyThis article is part of a series onPolitics of Japan
Constitution and LawsThe of JapanElectionsAdministrative divisionsForeign relationsflag Japan portalOther countriesvte
Members of the imperial family show themselves to the general public during celebrations for the new emperor\'s enthronement. Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko are not present (4 May 2019).The emperor (天皇, tennō) is the head of the Japanese imperial family.
Article 3 and 4 of the Law for Special Exception of the Imperial House Law concerning Abdication, etc. of Emperor Tennō no taii nado ni kansuru Kōshitsu Tenpan Tokureihō) define the Emperor Emeritus (上皇, jōkō) and Empress Emerita (上皇后, jōkōgō).
Article 5 of the Imperial Household Law (皇室典範, Kōshitsu Tenpan) defines the Imperial Family members (皇族, kōzoku) as the Empress (皇后, kōgō); the Grand empress dowager (太皇太后, tai-kōtaigō); the Empress dowager (皇太后, kōtaigō); the Emperor\'s legitimate sons and legitimate grandsons in the legitimate male line (親王, shinnō), and their consorts (親王妃, shinnōhi); the Emperor\'s unmarried legitimate daughters and unmarried legitimate granddaughters in the legitimate male line (内親王, naishinnō); the Emperor\'s other legitimate male descendants in the third and later generations in the legitimate male line (王, ō) and their consorts (王妃, ōhi); and the Emperor\'s other unmarried legitimate female descendants in the third and later generations in the legitimate male line (女王, joō).[8]
In English, shinnō (親王) and ō (王) are both translated as \"prince\" as well as shinnōhi (親王妃), naishinnō (内親王), ōhi (王妃) and joō (女王) as \"princess\".
After the removal of 11 collateral branches from the imperial house in October 1947, the official membership of the imperial family has effectively been limited to the male-line descendants of the Emperor Taishō, excluding females who married outside the imperial family and their descendants.[9]
There are currently 17 members of the imperial family:[10]
Emperor Naruhito, the eldest son and first child of the Emperor Emeritus Akihito and the Empress Emerita Michiko, was born in the Hospital of the Imperial Household in Tokyo on 23 February 1960. He became heir apparent upon his father\'s accession to the throne. Crown Prince Naruhito married Masako Owada on 9 June 1993. He ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne and became 126th emperor upon his father\'s abdication on 1 May 2019.[11]Empress Masako was born on 9 December 1963, the daughter of Hisashi Owada, a former vice minister of foreign affairs and former permanent representative of Japan to the United Nations. She became empress consort upon her husband\'s succession to the throne on 1 May 2019.[11]Aiko, Princess Toshi was born on 1 December 2001, and is the only child of Emperor Naruhito and Empress Masako.Emperor Emeritus Akihito was born at Tokyo Imperial Palace on 23 December 1933, the eldest son and fifth child of the Emperor Shōwa and Empress Kōjun. He married Michiko Shōda on 10 April 1959. When his father died on 7 January 1989, Akihito became emperor of Japan. He abdicated on 30 April 2019, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Naruhito on 1 May 2019.[12]Empress Emerita Michiko was born in Tokyo on 20 October 1934, the eldest daughter of Hidesaburō Shōda, president and honorary chairman of Nisshin Flour Milling Inc.[12]Fumihito, Crown Prince Akishino is the Emperor Emeritus\' second son, the Emperor\'s younger brother and the current heir presumptive. He was born on 30 November 1965 in the Hospital of the Imperial Household in Tokyo. His childhood title was Prince Aya. He received the title Prince Akishino and permission to start a new branch of the Imperial Family upon his marriage to Kiko Kawashima on 29 June 1990.[13]Kiko, Crown Princess Akishino was born on 11 September 1966, the daughter of Tatsuhiko Kawashima, professor of economics at Gakushuin University.[13] Crown Prince and Princess Akishino have two daughters (one of whom remains a member of the Imperial Family) and a son:Princess Kako of Akishino (born 29 December 1994), the second daughter of the Crown Prince Akishino.Prince Hisahito of Akishino (born 6 September 2006), the first male born to the Imperial Household since his father 41 years before.Masahito, Prince Hitachi was born on 28 November 1935, the second son and sixth child of the Emperor Shōwa and Empress Kojun. His childhood title was Prince Yoshi. He received the title Prince Hitachi and permission to set up a new branch of the Imperial Family on 1 October 1964, the day after his wedding.[14]Hanako, Princess Hitachi was born on 19 July 1940, the daughter of former Count Yoshitaka Tsugaru. The Prince and Princess Hitachi have no children.[14]Yuriko, Princess Mikasa is the widow of Takahito, Prince Mikasa (2 December 1915 – 27 October 2016), the fourth son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei and a great-uncle of Emperor Naruhito. The Princess was born on 4 June 1923, the second daughter of Viscount Masanori Takagi. The Princess Mikasa has two daughters and three sons with the late Prince Mikasa.[15]Nobuko, Princess Tomohito of Mikasa is the widow of Prince Tomohito of Mikasa (5 January 1946 – 6 June 2012), the eldest son of the Prince and Princess Mikasa and a first cousin once removed of Emperor Naruhito. Princess Tomohito was born on 9 April 1955, the daughter of Takakichi Asō, chairman of Asō Cement Co., and his wife, Kazuko, a daughter of former Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida.[15] She has two daughters with the late Prince Tomohito of Mikasa:Princess Akiko of Mikasa (born 20 December 1981)Princess Yōko of Mikasa (born 25 October 1983)Hisako, Princess Takamado is the widow of Norihito, Prince Takamado (29 December 1954 – 21 November 2002), the third son and the youngest child of the Prince and Princess Mikasa and a first cousin once removed of Emperor Naruhito. The Princess Takamado was born on 10 July 1953, the eldest daughter of Shigejiro Tottori. She married the Prince Takamado on 6 December 1984. Originally known as Prince Norihito of Mikasa, he received the title Prince Takamado and permission to start a new branch of the Imperial Family on 1 December 1984.[16] The Princess Takamado has three daughters, one of whom remains a member of the Imperial Family:Princess Tsuguko of Takamado (born 6 March 1986)Family treeFor the full lineage of the Imperial Family, see Family tree of Japanese monarchs.The following family tree shows the lineage of the contemporary members of the imperial family:
Emperor Taishō† Empress Teimei†Emperor Shōwa† Empress Kōjun† The Prince Chichibu† The Princess Chichibu† The Prince Takamatsu† The Princess Takamatsu† The Prince Mikasa† The Princess MikasaThe Emperor Emeritus The Empress Emerita The Prince Hitachi(3) The Princess Hitachi Five daughters1†, 2†, 3†, 4, 5 Prince Tomohito of Mikasa† Princess Tomohito of Mikasa The Prince Katsura† The Prince Takamado† The Princess Takamado Two daughters1, 2 The Emperor The Empress Crown Prince Akishino(1) Crown Princess Akishino Sayako Kuroda Princess Akiko Princess Yōko Princess Tsuguko Two daughters1, 2 Princess Aiko Mako Komuro Princess Kako Prince Hisahito(2)Notes
Numbers in brackets indicate places in the line of succession.Boldface indicates living individuals listed as members of the imperial family.[10]Italics indicate princesses who left the Imperial Family upon their marriage.[10]Dashed lines indicate married couples.Dagger (†) indicates deceased individuals.[10]Living former members
Princess Mako (left) forwent a one-off million-dollar payment given to imperial women upon leaving the imperial familyUnder the terms of the 1947 Imperial Household Law, naishinnō (imperial princesses) and joō (princesses) lose their titles and membership in the family upon marriage, unless they marry the Emperor or another male member of the imperial family.
Four of the five daughters of Emperor Shōwa, the two daughters of the Prince Mikasa, the only daughter of Emperor Emeritus Akihito, the second and third daughter of the Prince Takamado, and most recently, the eldest daughter of Crown Prince Akishino, left the Imperial Family upon marriage, joining the husband\'s family and thus taking the surname of the husband.
Shigeko, Princess Teru, the eldest daughter of Emperor Shōwa, married Prince Morihiro Higashikuni, the eldest son of Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni (later served as Prime Minister in 1945) and Toshiko, Princess Yasu (daughter of Emperor Meiji), in 1943. The Higashikuni family lost its imperial status in October 1947.
The living eight former imperial princesses are:
Atsuko Ikeda (born 7 March 1931), fourth daughter and fourth child of Emperor Shōwa and Empress Kōjun, surviving elder sister of Emperor Emeritus Akihito.Takako Shimazu (born 2 March 1939), fifth daughter and youngest child of Emperor Shōwa and Empress Kōjun, younger sister of Emperor Emeritus Akihito.Yasuko Konoe (born 26 April 1944), eldest daughter and eldest child of the Prince and Princess Mikasa.[17]Masako Sen (born 23 October 1951), second daughter and fourth child of the Prince and Princess Mikasa.[17]Sayako Kuroda (born 18 April 1969), third child and only daughter of Emperor Emeritus Akihito and Empress Emerita Michiko, younger sister of Emperor Naruhito.[18]Noriko Senge (born 22 July 1988), second daughter of the Prince and Princess Takamado.[19]Ayako Moriya (born 15 September 1990), third daughter and youngest child of the Prince and Princess Takamado.Mako Komuro (born 23 October 1991), first daughter and eldest child of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess Akishino.Kyū-Miyake
Emperor Shōwa and members of the Kyū-Miyake (Cadet Royal Families)Additionally, there are several people of Imperial descent in the Fushimi cadet branch (Shinnōke), which itself consists of a main branch and five extant sub-branches (Ōke). The cadet royal families lost membership in the Imperial Family by the American Occupation Authorities in October 1947, as part of the abolition of collateral imperial houses and the kazoku (hereditary peerage). However, there are still unofficial heads of the living collateral families. These are the living Kyū-Miyake (旧宮家, \"former Miyake\"):
Fushimi (伏見)Kuni (久邇)Kaya (賀陽)Asaka (朝香)Higashikuni (東久邇)Takeda (竹田)The Higashifushimi or Komatsu collateral branch became extinct in the male line in 1922, followed by the Nashimoto branch in 1951, Kachō or Kwachō branch in 1970, Yamashina branch in 1987, and Kitashirakawa branch in 2018. The main Fushimi branch will become extinct upon the death of the current head, Fushimi Hiroaki (b. 1932), as he has no male offspring to succeed him; although he does not have any sons, his adoptive grandnephew has male issue who can be expected to become the head of the Fushimi-no-miya.
Finances of the Imperial FamilyBackgroundThe Japanese monarchy was considered to be among the wealthiest in the world until the end of World War II.[20] Before 1911, there was no distinction between the Imperial Crown Estates and the Emperor\'s personal properties. When the Imperial Property Law was enacted in January 1911, two categories were established namely hereditary (crown estates) and personal property of the Imperial Family. The Imperial Household Minister had the responsibility for observing any judicial proceedings concerning Imperial holdings. According to the law, Imperial properties were only taxable if there was no conflict with the Imperial House Law. However, crown estates could only be used for public or imperially-sanctioned undertakings. Personal properties of certain members of the Imperial Family, such as Empress Dowager, the Empress, Crown Prince and Crown Princess, the Imperial Grandson and the consort of the Imperial Grandson, in addition to properties held for Imperial Family members who were minors, were exempted from taxation.[21]
Up to 1921, the Imperial Crown Estates comprised 1,112,535.58 acres (450,227.18 ha). In 1921, due to the poor economic situation in Japan, 289,259.25 acres (117,059.07 ha) of crown lands (26%) were sold or transferred to the Japanese government and the private sector. In 1930, the Nagoya Detached Palace (Nagoya Castle) was donated to the city of Nagoya and six other imperial villas were sold or donated.[21] In 1939, Nijō Castle was donated to the city of Kyoto. The former Kyoto residence of the Tokugawa shogunate which became an imperial palace in the Meiji Restoration, was donated to the city of Kyoto.
At the end of 1935, the Imperial Court owned 3,111,965 acres (1,259,368 ha) landed estates according to official government figures. 2,599,548 acres (1,052,000 ha) of that was the Emperor\'s private lands. The total landholdings of the crown estates was 512,161 acres (207,264 ha). It comprised palace complexes, forest and farm lands and other residential and commercial properties. The total economic value of the Imperial properties was estimated at ¥650 million in 1935 which is approximately US$195 million at prevailing exchange rates and $19.9 billion as of 2017.[note 1][21][22] Emperor Shōwa\'s personal fortune was an additional hundreds of millions of yen (estimated over $6 billion as of 2017). It included numerous family heirlooms and furnishings, purebred livestock and investments in major Japanese firms, such as the Bank of Japan, other major Japanese banks, the Imperial Hotel and Nippon Yusen.[21]
After World War II, all of the 11 collateral branches of the Imperial Family were abolished under the Allied occupation of Japan, and the subsequent constitutional reforms imposed under Allied supervision forced those families to sell their assets to private or government owners. Staff numbers of the Imperial Household Ministry were slashed from roughly 6000 to about 1000. The Imperial Estates and the Emperor\'s personal fortune (then estimated at $17.15 million in 1946, or roughly $270.70 million as of 2023) were transferred to state or private ownership with the exception of 6,810 acres (2,760 ha) of landholdings. The largest imperial divestments were the former imperial Kiso and Amagi forest lands in Gifu and Shizuoka prefectures, grazing lands for livestock in Hokkaido and a stock farm in the Chiba region. They were all transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Imperial property holdings were further reduced since 1947 after several handovers to the government. When Emperor Shōwa died, he left a personal fortune of £11 million in 1989.[23] In 2017, Emperor Akihito had an estimated net worth of US$40 million.[24]
Property
Panorama of the Tokyo Imperial PalaceCurrently the primary Imperial properties are the Tokyo Imperial Palace and the Kyoto Imperial Palace. The estimated landholdings are 6,810 acres (2,760 ha). The Tōgū Palace is located in the larger Akasaka Estate where numerous other Imperial Family members reside. There are privately used imperial villas in Hayama, Nasu and the Suzaki Imperial Villa in Shimoda. The Katsura Imperial Villa, Shugakuin Imperial Villa and Sentō Imperial Palace are in Kyoto. There are a number of Imperial farms, residences and game preserves.[23][25] The Imperial Household Agency administers the Shosoin Imperial Repository in Nara.[26] The Imperial properties are all owned by the State.[27]
BudgetThe Emperor can spend £150 million of public money annually. The imperial palaces are all owned and paid for by the State.[27]
Until 2003, facts about the Japanese Imperial Family\'s life and finances were kept secret behind the \"Chrysanthemum Curtain.\" Yohei Mori (former royal correspondent for the Mainichi Shimbun and assistant professor of journalism at Seijo University) revealed details about finances of the Imperial Family in his book based on 200 documents that were published with the public information law.[27]
StaffThe Japanese Imperial Family has a staff of more than 1,000 people (47 servants per royal). This includes a 24-piece traditional orchestra (gagaku) with 1,000 year-old instruments such as the koto and the shō, 30 gardeners, 25 chefs, 40 chauffeurs as well as 78 builders, plumbers and electricians. There are 30 archaeologists to protect the 895 imperial tombs. There is a silkworm breeder of the Momijiyama Imperial Cocoonery. The Emperor has four doctors on standby 24 hours a day, five men manage his wardrobe and 11 assist in Shinto rites.[27]
The Imperial Palace in Tokyo has 160 servants who maintain it. This is partly due to demarcation rules, such as a maid who wipes a table cannot also wipe the floor. There are also separate stewards in charge of handling silverware and the crystal. The Kyoto Imperial Palace has a staff of 78 people. There are also 67 who care for the horses at the Tochigi ranch. There are scores of additional staff for the summer palaces at the beach and in the official vehicle, Toyota Century Royal \"Empress 1\".The Imperial Palace has a £2 million-a-year clinic with 42 staff and 8 medical departments. An example of lavish spending is the prior redecoration of a room for £140,000 where Crown Princess Masako gave birth to Princess Aiko in 2001. Emperor Akihito spent £140,000 on building a wine cellar. It has 4,500 bottles of 11 types of white wine and seven types of red such as Chateau Mouton Rothschild (1982) and champagne Dom Perignon (1992).[27]
The Imperial properties includes a 622 acres (252 ha) farm which supplies produce and meat for the Imperial Family. The farm costs were £3 million per year as of 2003; the emperor and his family had a monthly water bill of approximately £50,000, also as of 2003.
The Imperial Guard is a special over 900 strong police force that provides personal protection for the Emperor and other members of the Imperial Family including their residences for £48 million per year.[25]
The Imperial Household owns and operates a fleet of Toyota Century motor vehicles, designated \"Empresses\", for exclusive use of the Imperial Household. In 2006, the Imperial Household Agency took delivery of the first of four bespoke Toyota Century Royals. The first of these specially prepared vehicles, Empress 1, serve as the official state car of the Emperor.[28] Two Century Royals, Empress 3 and Empress 5, were assigned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for special use by visiting dignitaries and foreign heads of state. The last, Empress 2, was built in 2008 as a hearse exclusively for imperial funerals.[29][30] Despite the imperial family\'s extravagant expenditures, there is a limitation with travel expenses since the Emperor\'s entourage pays a maximum of £110 a night, regardless of the actual cost of the hotel. Hotels accept it since they regard it as an honour to host the Imperial Family.[27]
Aside from the inner court (the Emperor and Empress, and their children including the Crown Prince and Crown Princess), the civil list covers additional family members who live in imperial residences. They are not prohibited from holding jobs or running businesses. For example, Prince Tomohito of Mikasa, his wife and two daughters received £310,000 per year, but they are not well known by the Japanese public and have had few imperial duties.[27]
The real annual cost was estimated to be $325 million per year, also as of 2003.[27]
Involvement in war[icon] This section needs expansion with: The only example here is World War 2.. You can help by adding to it. (May 2024)World War II
Emperor Shōwa as head of the Imperial General Headquarters on 29 April 1943Members of the imperial family, including Naruhiko, Prince Higashikuni, Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu, Takahito, Prince Mikasa and Tsuneyoshi, Prince Takeda, were involved in unethical human experimentation programs in various ways, which included authorizing, funding, supplying, and inspecting biomedical facilities.[31][32]
Since 1978, the Emperors of Japan (Emperor Shōwa, Akihito and Naruhito) have never visited Yasukuni Shrine due to Emperor Shōwa\'s displeasure over the enshrinement of convicted Class-A war criminals.[33]
SupportA 1997 survey by Asahi Shimbun showed that 82% of Japanese supported the continuation of the monarchy.[34] Polls after showed 1⁄3 of respondents were \"indifferent\" towards it.[34] The imperial system is considered a symbol of the country, it provides a sense of linkage, purpose, spiritual core, diplomatic role as ambassador and a source of tradition and stability.[34] A small percentage argue that the imperial system is out of date, not in synchrony with the contemporary times.[34]
Imperial standards currently in useSee also: List of Japanese flags and Imperial Seal of JapanImperial Standard of the Emperor (tennō)Imperial Standard of the Emperor (tennō)Imperial Standard of the Emperor Emeritus (jōkō)Imperial Standard of the Emperor Emeritus (jōkō)Imperial Standard of the Empress (kōgō)Imperial Standard of the Empress (kōgō)Imperial Standard of the Crown Prince (kōshi)Imperial Standard of the Crown Prince (kōshi)Imperial Standard of a member of the Imperial HouseImperial Standard of a member of the Imperial HouseSee alsoFamily tree of Japanese monarchsList of emperors of JapanImperial Regalia of JapanTokyo Imperial PalaceThree Palace SanctuariesKyoto Imperial PalaceAkasaka PalaceIe (Japanese family system)Related Princess Takamatsu (宣仁親王妃喜久子, Nobuhito Shinnōhi Kikuko), born Tokugawa Kikuko (徳川喜久子, 26 December 1911 – 18 December 2004), was a member of the Japanese imperial family. The Princess was married to Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu, the third son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei. She was, therefore, a sister-in-law of Emperor Shōwa and an aunt by marriage of the following emperor, currently the Emperor Emeritus. She was mainly known for philanthropic activities, particularly her patronage of cancer research organizations. At the time of her death, Princess Takamatsu was the oldest member of the Imperial Family.
Early lifeBorn in Tokyo on 26 December 1911, she was the second daughter of Tokugawa Yoshihisa (2 September 1884 – 22 January 1922), a peer, and his wife Princess Mieko of Arisugawa (14 February 1891 – 25 April 1933). Her paternal grandfather was Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japan\'s last shōgun. Her maternal grandfather, Prince Arisugawa Takehito, was the seventh head of the Arisugawa-no-miya, one of the four shinnōke or collateral branches of the Imperial Family during the Edo period entitled to provide a successor to the throne in default of a direct heir. Lady Kikuko Tokugawa received her primary and secondary education at the then-girls\' department of the Gakushuin. At age eighteen, she became engaged to Prince Takamatsu, who was then third-in-line to the Chrysanthemum throne. By virtue of her descent from the Arisugawa-no-miya, Lady Kikuko and Prince Takamatsu were related. Both were direct descendants of Emperor Reigen, making them sixth cousins twice removed. Prince Takamatsu was a seven-times great-grandchild of the Reigen Emperor, while Lady Kikuko was a five-times great-grandchild of Reigen.
Marriage
Wedding of Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu and Kikuko Tokugawa (4 February 1930)
Prince and Princess Takamatsu, c. 1950On 4 February 1930, she married Prince Takamatsu at the Tokyo Imperial Palace. The couple had no children. Shortly after the wedding, Prince and Princess Takamatsu embarked upon a world tour, partly to return the courtesies shown to them by King George V of the United Kingdom in sending a mission to Tokyo to present Emperor Shōwa with the Order of the Garter. During their journey, they travelled across the United States so as to strengthen the goodwill and understanding between their nations. The 1930 photo illustration comes from the illustrated biography on Prince Iyesato Tokugawa titled The Art of Peace. The photo presents Princess and Prince Takamatsu during their reception by U.S. President Herbert Hoover.[1][2]
The Prince and Princess returned to Japan in June 1931 and took up residence in Takanawa in Minato, Tokyo.
Following her mother\'s death from bowel cancer in 1933, Princess Takamatsu became a champion of cancer research. Using money donated by the public, she established the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund in 1968, organizing symposia and awarding scientists for groundbreaking work. She also served as president of an organization extending relief to leprosy patients. The Princess also served as the honorary president of the \"Saiseikai\" Imperial Gift Foundation Inc., Tofu Kyokai Foundation, Shadan Houjin Tokyo Jikeikai, Nichifutsu Kyokai, and Nichifutsu Kaikan, and as an honorary vice-president of the Japanese Red Cross Society.
Unconventional frankness
Dianthus, designated imperial personal emblem of KikukoIn 1991, Princess Takamatsu and an aide discovered a twenty one volume diary, written in Prince Takamatsu\'s own hand between 1922 and 1947. Despite opposition from the Imperial Household Agency, she gave the diary to the magazine Chūōkōron which published excerpts in 1995. The diary revealed that Prince Takamatsu opposed the Kwantung Army\'s incursions in Manchuria in September 1931, the expansion of the July 1937 Marco Polo Bridge Incident into a full-scale war against China, and had warned his brother Hirohito in November 1941 that the Navy could not fight more than two years against the United States.
After the death of her sister-in-law Empress Kōjun in 2000, Princess Takamatsu became the oldest member of the Imperial Family. In 2001, after Crown Prince Naruhito and Crown Princess Masako had a daughter, Princess Takamatsu, at age 90, became the first member of the Imperial Family to publicly call for changes to the 1947 Imperial Household Law, which limits the succession to the Chrysanthemum throne to legitimate males in the male line of descent. In an article she wrote for the January/February 2002 issue of a women\'s magazine, she argued that having a female tennō was \"not unnatural\" since women had assumed the throne in the past, most recently in the early nineteenth century.
Princess Takamatsu died of sepsis at St. Luke\'s Medical Center in Tokyo on 18 December 2004. She had been in and out of the hospital with various ailments during the last decade of her life. Her funeral was held on 27 December at Toshimagaoka cemetery in Tokyo\'s Bunkyō Ward. She was the last surviving member of the imperial family who was born during the Meiji period.
HonoursNationalDame Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown (4 February 1930)ForeignSpain: Dame of the Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa (16 November 1930)
Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu (秩父宮雍仁親王, Chichibu-no-miya Yasuhito Shinnō, 25 June 1902 – 4 January 1953) was the second son of Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) and Empress Teimei (Sadako), a younger brother of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) and a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. As a member of the Imperial House of Japan, he was the patron of several sporting, medical, and international exchange organizations. Before and after World War II, the English-speaking prince and his wife attempted to foster good relations between Japan and the United Kingdom and enjoyed a good rapport with the British royal family. As with other Japanese imperial princes of his generation, he was an active-duty career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army. Like all members of the imperial family, he was exonerated from criminal prosecutions before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East by Douglas MacArthur.
Background and family
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Emperor Taishō\'s four sons in 1921: Hirohito, Takahito, Nobuhito and YasuhitoBorn at Aoyama Detached Palace in Tokyo, the second son of Crown Prince Yoshihito (later Emperor Taishō) and Crown Princess Sadako (later Empress Teimei), the prince was originally titled Atsu no miya (Prince Atsu). He and his elder brother were separated from their parents and entrusted to the care of a respected ex-naval officer, Count Sumiyoshi Kawamura and his wife. After Kawamura died in 1904, the young princes rejoined their parents at the Tōgū-gosho (Crown Prince\'s residence) on the grounds of the Akasaka estate. He attended the elementary and secondary departments of the Gakushuin Peers\' School along with Crown Prince Hirohito, and his younger brother, Prince Nobuhito (born in 1905). (A fourth brother, Prince Takahito, was born in 1915). Prince Chichibu enrolled in the Central Military Preparatory School in 1917 and then in the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1922.
On 26 May 1922, Emperor Taishō granted his second son the title Chichibu no miya and the authorization to start a new branch of the imperial family. In 1925, the Prince went to Great Britain to study at Magdalen College, Oxford. While in Great Britain King George V decorated Prince Chichibu with the Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order. Prince Chichibu had a reputation as an outdoorsman and alpinist during his stay in Europe. He returned to Japan in January 1927 following the death of Emperor Taishō, who for some time had suffered from debilitating physical and mental ill-health. Until the birth of his nephew, Crown Prince Akihito in December 1933, Prince Chichibu was heir presumptive to the Chrysanthemum throne.
Marriage
The Prince and Princess Chichibu on their wedding dayOn 28 September 1928, the prince married Matsudaira Setsuko (9 September 1909 – 25 August 1995), the daughter of Matsudaira Tsuneo, Japanese ambassador to the United States and later Great Britain (and later, Imperial Household Minister), and his wife, the former Nabeshima Nobuko. Although technically born a commoner, the new princess was a scion of the Matsudaira of Aizu, a cadet branch of the Tokugawa shogunate. Her paternal grandfather was Matsudaira Katamori, the last daimyō of Aizu, whose heir had been created a viscount in the new kazoku system in 1884. Prince and Princess Chichibu had no children, as Princess Chichibu\'s only pregnancy ended in a miscarriage.
Military career
Prince Chichibu in 1934Prince Chichibu received his commission as a second lieutenant in the infantry in October 1922 and was assigned to the First Imperial Guard Division. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1925 and became a captain in 1930 after graduation from the Army War College. He received a promotion to the rank of major and assigned to command the Thirty First Infantry Division stationed at Hirosaki, Aomori in August 1935. Prince Chichibu was a vehement ultra-right-wing militarist who increasingly influenced Japanese military policy in the prewar era.[1]
Prince Chichibu has been implicated by some historians in the abortive 26 February Incident in 1936. How much of a role he actually played in that event remains unclear, but it was clear that he was sympathetic to the rebels[2] and that his political sentiments were in agreement with them, i.e., replacement of the corrupt political party based government with a military dictatorship under direct control of the emperor. His sympathy to the Kodoha faction within the Imperial Japanese Army was well known at the time. After the assassination of prime minister Inukai Tsuyoshi in 1932, he had many violent arguments with his brother, Emperor Hirohito, about the suspension of the constitution and the implementation of direct imperial rule.
After the coup attempt, the prince and his wife were sent on a tour of Western Europe taking several months. They represented Japan at the May 1937 coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom in Westminster Abbey and subsequently visited Sweden and the Netherlands as the guests of King Gustaf V and Queen Wilhelmina, respectively. This tour ended with the visit of Nuremberg in Germany by the prince alone. There he attended the Nuremberg rally and met Adolf Hitler, with whom he tried to boost relations. At Nuremberg Castle, Hitler launched a scathing attack against Joseph Stalin, after which the prince privately said to his aide-de-camp Masaharu Homma: \"Hitler is an actor, it will be difficult to trust him\". Nevertheless, he remained convinced that the future of Japan was linked to Nazi Germany and in 1938 and 1939, he had many quarrels with the Emperor about the opportunity to join a military alliance with Germany against Great Britain and the United States.
Prince Chichibu Yasuhito was subsequently appointed battalion commander of Thirty-First Infantry Regiment in August 1937, promoted to lieutenant colonel in March 1938 and to colonel in August 1939. During the war, he was involved in combat operations, and was sent to Manchukuo before the Nomonhan incident and to Nanjing after the Nanjing Massacre. On 9 February 1939, Chichibu attended a lecture on bacteriological warfare, given by Shirō Ishii, in the War Ministry Grand Conference Hall in Tokyo.[3] He also attended vivisection demonstrations by Ishii.[4]
According to a version told in her memoirs by Princess Chichibu (Setsuko), according to which the prince retired from active duty after being diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in June 1940, spent most of World War II convalescing at his villa in Gotemba, Shizuoka Prefecture, on the eastern foot of Mount Fuji and never really recovering from his illness.[5][page needed] He was promoted to major general in March 1945.
PatronageAfter World War II, Prince Chichibu was honorary head of many athletic organizations, and was nicknamed the \"sporting Prince\" due to his efforts to promote skiing, rugby and other sports. He was also honorary President of both the Japan–British Society and the Swedish Society of Japan. He was a supporter of Scouting in Japan and attended the Fourth International Conference in 1926.[6][page needed]
Rugby union
Chichibu-no-miya Stadium, which is named after the Prince
Prince Chichibu statue at Chichibunomiya Rugby StadiumThe prince was also instrumental in securing the development of rugby union in Japan. He was \"converted\" to rugby after the JRFU president, Shigeru Kayama, returned from a long sea voyage and was able to \"market\" the game to Prince Chichibu.[7][page needed]
After his death, the Tokyo Rugby Stadium in Kita-Aoyama 2-chome was renamed Chichibunomiya Rugby Stadium. A statue of Prince Chichibu in rugby kit was erected there.
DeathPrince Chichibu died from tuberculosis at his Kugenuma villa in Fujisawa, Kanagawa on 4 January 1953. His remains were cremated and the ashes buried at Toshimagaoka Cemetery (豊島岡墓地), Bunkyō, Tokyo, on 12 January 1953.
AncestryAncestors of Yasuhito, Prince ChichibuPatrilineal descentPatrilineal descent[8]Imperial House of JapanDescent prior to Keitai is unclear to modern historians, but traditionally traced back patrilineally to Emperor JimmuEmperor Keitai, ca. 450–534Emperor Kinmei, 509–571Emperor offeratsu, 538–585Prince Oshisaka, ca. 556–???Emperor Jomei, 593–641Emperor Tenji, 626–671Prince Shiki, ???–716Emperor Kōnin, 709–786Emperor Kanmu, 737–806Emperor Saga, 786–842Emperor Ninmyō, 810–850Emperor Kōkō, 830–867Emperor Uda, 867–931Emperor Daigo, 885–930Emperor Murakami, 926–967Emperor En\'yū, 959–991Emperor Ichijō, 980–1011Emperor Go-Suzaku, 1009–1045Emperor Go-Sanjō, 1034–1073Emperor Shirakawa, 1053–1129Emperor Horikawa, 1079–1107Emperor Toba, 1103–1156Emperor Go-Shirakawa, 1127–1192Emperor Takakura, 1161–1181Emperor Go-Toba, 1180–1239Emperor Tsuchimikado, 1196–1231Emperor Go-Saga, 1220–1272Emperor Go-Fukakusa, 1243–1304Emperor Fushimi, 1265–1317Emperor Go-Fushimi, 1288–1336Emperor Kōgon, 1313–1364Emperor Sukō, 1334–1398Prince Yoshihito Fushimi, 1351–1416Prince Sadafusa Fushimi, 1372–1456Emperor Go-Hanazono, 1419–1471Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado, 1442–1500Emperor Go-Kashiwabara, 1464–1526Emperor Go-Nara, 1495–1557Emperor Ōgimachi, 1517–1593Prince Masahito, 1552–1586Emperor Go-Yōzei, 1572–1617Emperor Go-Mizunoo, 1596–1680Emperor Reigen, 1654–1732Emperor Higashiyama, 1675–1710Prince Naohito Kanin, 1704–1753Prince Sukehito Kanin, 1733–1794Emperor Kōkaku, 1771–1840Emperor Ninkō, 1800–1846Emperor Kōmei, 1831–1867Emperor Meiji, 1852–1912Emperor Taishō, 1879–1926Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu