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WW1 Victory Medal + New York Serivice + Ribbons SEE STORE WW1-WW2 MEDAL GROUPS For Sale


WW1 Victory Medal + New York Serivice + Ribbons SEE STORE WW1-WW2 MEDAL GROUPS
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaWorld War I Victory MedalObverseTypeService medalAwarded for"service between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, or with either of the followingexpeditions:
  • American Expeditionary Forces in European Russiabetween November 12, 1918, and August 5, 1919.
  • American Expeditionary Forces Siberiabetween November 23, 1918, and April 1, millimeters in diameter. On theobverseis a wingedVictorystanding full length and full face. On the reverse is the inscriptionThe Great War for Civilizationand thecoat of arms for the United Statessurmounted by afasces, and on either side the names of theAllied and Associated Nations. The medal is suspended by aringfrom asilkmoireribbon1 3/8 inches in length and 36 millimeters in width, composed of tworainbowsplaced injuxtapositionand having the red in the middle, with a white thread along each edge.CountryUnited StatesPresented bySecretary of WarandSecretary of the NavyEligibilityMilitary personnel onlyMottoThe Great War for 105years agoService ribbonandcampaign streamerPrecedenceNext(higher)Mexican Border Service MedalNext(lower)Army of Occupation of Germany Medal

    TheWorld War I Victory Medal(known prior to establishment of theWorld War II Victory Medalin 1945 simply as theVictory Medal) was aUnited Statesservice medaldesigned byJames Earle FraserofNew York Cityunder the direction of theCommission of Fine Arts.[1]

    Award of a commonalliedservice medal was recommended by an inter-allied committee in March 1919.[2]Each allied nation would design a 'Victory Medal' for award to their military personnel, all issues having certain common features, including a winged figure ofvictoryon the obverse and the same ribbon.[3]

    The Victory Medal was originally intended to be established by anact of Congress. Thebillauthorizing the medal never passed, however, thus leaving the military departments to establish it throughgeneral orders. TheWar Departmentpublished orders in April 1919, and theNavyin June of the same year.[1]

    Criteria[edit]

    The Victory Medal was awarded to military personnel for service between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, or with either of the followingexpeditions:

    • American Expeditionary Forces in European Russiabetween November 12, 1918, and August 5, 1919.
    • American Expeditionary Forces Siberiabetween November 23, 1918, and April 1, 1920.[4]
    Design[edit]

    The front of the bronze medal features awinged Victoryholding a shield and sword on the front. The back of the bronze medal features "The Great War For Civilization" in all capital letters curved along the top of the medal. Curved along the bottom of the back of the medal are six stars, three on either side of the center column of seven staffs wrapped in a cord. The top of the staff has a round ball on top and is winged on the side. The staff is on top of a shield that says "U" on the left side of the staff and "S" on the right side of the staff. On left side of the staff it lists oneWorld War I Alliedcountry per andGreece. On the right side of the staff the Allied country names read:Great with a U instead of an O as it is spelled now), andChina.

    Back of the medalDevices[edit]

    To denote battle participation and campaign credit, the World War I Victory Medal was authorized with a large variety of devices to denote specific accomplishments. In order of seniority, the devices authorized to the World War I Victory Medal were as follows:

    Citation Star[edit]

    TheCitation Starto the World War I Victory Medal was authorized by the United States Congress on February 4, 1919.[1]A3⁄16inch silver star was authorized to be worn on the ribbon of the Victory Medal for any member of the U.S. Army who had been cited for gallantry in action between 1917 and 1920. In 1932, the Citation Star ("Silver Star") was redesigned and renamed theSilver Star Medaland, upon application to theUnited States War Department, any holder of the Silver Star Citation could have it converted to a Silver Star medal.

    Navy Commendation Star[edit]

    TheNavy Commendation Starto the World War I Victory Medal was authorized to any person who had been commended by the Secretary of the Navy for performance of duty during the First World War. A3⁄16inch silver star was worn on the World War I Victory Medal, identical in appearance to the Army's Citation Star. Unlike the Army's version, however, the Navy Commendation Star could not be upgraded to the Silver Star medal.[1][5]

    Army Battle Clasps[edit]

    The followingbattle clasps, inscribed with a battle's name, were worn on the medal to denote participation in major ground conflicts.[1]

    Army Battle ClaspsMajor Ground ConflictStart DateEnd DateAisneMay 27, 1918June 5, 1918Aisne-MarneJuly 18, 1918August 6, 1918CambraiMay 12, 1917December 4, 1917Champagne-MarneJuly 15, 1918July 18, 1918LysApril 9, 1918April 27, 1918Meuse-ArgonneSeptember 26, 1918November 11, 1918Montdidier-NoyonJune 9, 1918June 13, 1918Oise-AisneAugust 18, 1918November 11, 1918St. MihielSeptember 12, 1918September 16, 1918Somme-DefensiveMarch 21, 1918April 6, 1918Somme-OffensiveAugust 8, 1918November 11, 1918Vittorio-VenetoOctober 24, 1918November 4, 1918Ypres-LysAugust 19, 1918November 11, 1918Four of the thirteen major ground conflicts

    For general defense service, not involving a specific battle, the "Defensive Sector" Battle Clasp was authorized. The clasp was also awarded for any battle which was not already recognized by its own battle clasp.

    The World War I Victory Medal bears the clasps of the battles the U.S. Army participated in across the ribbon. Not all battles are shown on the bar clasps. Only the battles designated as battles that would have bars issued were shown on the medal. The famousBattle of Chateau Thierryto hold the Chateau and the bridge as a joint effort between the US Army and the US Marines against the German machine gunners did not get awarded clasps.

    As commander of theAmerican Expeditionary Forces, GeneralJohn J. Pershingreceived all 14 clasps. His medal is in theNational Museum of American History.[6]

    Navy Battle Clasps[edit]

    Navy battle clasps were issued for naval service in support of Army operations and had identical names to the Army battle clasps. There was a slight variation of the criteria dates for the Navy battle clasps, as listed below.[1]

    Navy Battle ClaspsMajor Ground ConflictStart DateEnd DateAisneJune 1, 1918June 5, 1918Aisne-MarneJuly 18, 1918July 20, 1918Meuse-ArgonneSeptember 29, 1918October 10, 1918Meuse-ArgonneOctober 25, 1918November 11, 1918St. MihielSeptember 12, 1918September 16, 1918Ypres-Lys (Service in support of the Northern Bombing Group)

    The Defensive Sector Clasp was also authorized for Navy personnel who had participated in naval combat but were not authorized a particular battle clasp.

    Defensive Sector Clasp on RibbonNavy Operational Clasps[edit]

    For sea-related war duty, the Navy issued the followingoperational clasps, which were worn on the World War I Victory Medal and inscribed with the name of the duty type which had been performed.[1]Clasps for Navy and Marine Corps personnel are rectangular bronze bars with a stylized rope border measuring 1/4 x 1 1/2 inches.

    Navy Operational ClaspsOperationStart DateEnd DateArmed Guard: Merchant personnel (freighters, tankers, and troop ship)April 6, 1917November 11, 1918Asiatic: Service on any vessel that visited a Siberian portApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918Asiatic: Port visit must have exceeded ten days in lengthNovember 12, 1918March 30, 1920Atlantic Fleet: Service in the Atlantic FleetMay 25, 1918November 11, 1918Aviation: Service involving flying over the Atlantic OceanMay 25, 1918November 11, 1918Destroyer: Service on destroyers on the Atlantic OceanMay 25, 1918November 11, 1918Escort: Personnel regularly attached to escort vessels on the North AtlanticApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918Grand Fleet: Personnel assigned to any ship of the "United States Grand Fleet"December 9, 1917November 11, 1918MineLaying: Service in mine laying sea dutyMay 26, 1918November 11, 1918Mine Sweeping: Service in mine sweeping sea dutyApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918Mobile Base: Service on tenders and repair vesselsApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918Naval Battery: Service as a member of a naval battery detachmentJuly 10, 1918November 11, 1918Overseas: Service on shore in allied or enemy countries of EuropeApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918Patrol: War patrol service on the Atlantic OceanMay 25, 1918November 11, 1918Salvage: Salvage duty performed on the seasApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918Submarine: Submarine duty performed on the Atlantic OceanMay 25,1918November 11, 1918Submarine Chaser: Anti-submarine duty performed on the Atlantic OceanMay 18, 1918November 11, 1918Transport: Personnel regularly attached to a transport or cargo vesselApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918White Sea: Service on any vessel which visited a Russian port or war patrols in the White Sea not less than ten daysNovember 12, 1918July 31, 1919

    Unlike the army, the navy only allowed one clasp of any type to be worn on the ribbon. Members of the marine or medical corps who served in France but was not eligible for a battle clasp would receive a bronzeMaltese crosson their ribbons.[1]

    Army Service Clasps[edit]

    For non-combat service with the army during the First World War, the followingservice claspswere authorized to be worn with the World War I Victory Medal. Each service clasp was inscribed with a country or region name where support service was performed. The U.S. Army issued the following service clasps:[1]

    Army Service ClaspsCountry or RegionStart DateEnd DateEnglandApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918FranceApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918ItalyApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918RussiaNovember 12, 1918August 5, 1919SiberiaNovember 23, 1918April 1, 1920Navy Service Clasps[edit]

    The U.S. Navy issued similar service clasps to the Army for service in the following regions during the following periods:[1]

    Navy Service ClaspsRegionStart DateEnd DateEnglandApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918FranceApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918ItalyApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918RussiaNovember 12, 1918July 31, 1919SiberiaNovember 12, 1918March 30, 1920West IndiesApril 6, 1917November 11, 1918Campaign Stars[edit]Maltese Cross device

    Since battle and service clasps could only be worn on the full-sized World War I Victory Medal, 3/16 inch bronzeservice starswere authorized for wear on the award ribbon. This was the common method of campaign and battle display when wearing the World War I Victory Medal as a ribbon on a military uniform.

    Maltese Cross[edit]

    Medals issued toU.S. Marineswere issued with aMaltese crossdevice affixed to the ribbon.

    Lapel button[edit]

    TheWorld War I Victory Button(known prior to establishment of theWorld War II Victory Medalsimply as theVictory Button) was alapel buttondesigned for wear on civilian clothes and consisted of a five-pointed star 5/8-inch in diameter on a wreath with the letters "U.S." in the center. For personswounded in action, the lapel button was silver; for all others, the lapel button was bronze.[7]The Victory Button was designed by the sculptor,Adolph Alexander Weinmanof New York City under the supervision of the Commission of Fine Arts.[1]

    The World War I Victory Button on a narrow circular band of blue enamel, containing the words "American Legion" in gold letters, forms the central element of the American Legion emblem.[8]It was adopted by the National Executive Committee of theAmerican Legionon July 9, 1919, as the official insignia of the national organization of American veterans.[9]

    Distribution[edit]

    The World War I Victory Medals were awarded after the end of World War I, so they were mailed to the servicemen instead of awarded in person. For example, the boxes containing the Victory Medals forUnited States ArmyWorld War I veterans were mailed out by the depot officer at the General Supply Depot, U.S. Army, inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania, in April 1921. An outer light brown box with an address label glued to it and its postage area marked "OFFICIAL BUSINESS, Penalty for private use $300" contained an inner white box stamped with the bars the serviceman was supposed to receive on his medal. The inner white box contained the medal, which was wrapped intissue paper.

    Only after filling out the application form A.G.O. No. 740 with the help of an authorized officer could it be officially forwarded to the Philadelphia Quartermaster Intermediate Depot for the veteran then to receive his medal by mail. The Army started issuing Victory Medals on June 21, 1920, not April 1921 as listed above. The Navy had a late start due to production issues and started in August 1920.[10]

    Allied and associated nations[edit]

    Not only did the United States establish a World War I Victory Medal, but so did a significant number of allied and associated nations involved in the conflict against the Dual Alliance between Austria and Germany. The proposition of such a common award was first made by French MaréchalFerdinand Fochwho was supreme commander of the Allied Forces during the First World War. Each bronze Victory Medal has the same diameter (36mm) and ribbon (double rainbow), but with a national design representing a winged issuedBelgiumPaul Du Soubre (1890–1934)

    • Casa da MoedaRio
    approximately 2,500CubaCharles Charles

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