RARE \"Translator of Plato\" Benjamin Jowett Hand Written Note For Sale

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RARE \"Translator of Plato\" Benjamin Jowett Hand Written Note:
$139.99

Up for sale a RARE! "Translator of Plato" Benjamin Jowett Hand Written Note. 

ES-3200D

 Benjamin Jowett (/ˈdʒoʊɪt/, modern variant /ˈdʒaʊɪt/;15 April 1817 – 1 October 1893) was renowned as an

influential tutor and administrative reformer in the University of Oxford, a

theologian and translator of Plato and Thucydides. He was Master of Balliol College, Oxford. Jowett

was born in Peckham, Kent, and grew up in Camberwell, the third of nine

children. His father was a furrier originally from a Yorkshire family that, for three generations, had been

supporters of the Evangelical movement

in the Church of England, and an

author of a metrical translation of the Old Testament Psalms. His mother,

Isabella Langhorne (1790–1869), was related to John Langhorne, the poet

and translator of Plutarch. At the age of 12, Jowett was placed on the

foundation of St Paul's School (then

in St Paul's Churchyard)

where he soon gained a reputation as a precocious classical scholar. Aged 18 he

was awarded an open scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford,

where he remained for the rest of his life. He began his studies in 1836, and

was quickly recognised as one of the leading Oxford dons of his generation,

made a Fellow while still an undergraduate in 1838; he graduated with

first-class honours in 1839. This was at the height of the Oxford Tractarian movement: through the friendship of W. G. Ward he was

drawn for a time in the direction of High Anglicanism; but a stronger and more lasting influence

was that of the Arnold school,

represented by A. P. Stanley. The

controversy caused Jowett to withdraw from High Table at college to lodgings in

Broad Street. As

early as 1839, Stanley had joined with Archibald Campbell Tait, the future Archbishop of

Canterbury, in advocating certain university reforms. From 1846 onwards, Jowett

threw himself into this movement, which in 1848 became general amongst the

younger and more thoughtful fellows, until it took effect in the commission of

1850 and the act of 1854. Jowett then concentrated on theology: he spent the summers of 1845 and 1846 in Germany with

Stanley, and became an eager student of German criticism and speculation. His

views became more than radical, they were heretical, which severely curtailed

prospects for advancement within the walls of the conformity of Anglican Oxford.

Amongst the writings of that period he was most impressed by those of F. C. Baur. But he never ceased to

exercise an independent judgement, and his work on St Paul, which appeared in

1855, was the result of much original reflection and inquiry. Jowett found a

friend and correspondent in Florence Nightingale, but whether there was

any romantic attachment is unclear. It has been suggested that he belatedly

proposed marriage, but was rejected, and lived the latter part of his life in

regret that he never knew matrimonial bliss. Jowett's didactic and pedagogic

nature tended him towards instruction of her complicated character accusing her

of exaggeration, an emotional intensity occasioned by hysteria. He was a

father figure, paternalistic towards a deeply conservative woman, religious,

self-censoring and strict in her conduct. Another educational reform, the

opening of the Indian Civil Service to competition,

took place at the same time, and Jowett was one of the commission. He had two

brothers, William and Alfred who had served and died in India, and he never

ceased to take a deep and practical interest in Indian affairs. After the

Second Royal Commission in May 1859 he called Philomela 'the Governess of

Governors of India' for her robust dealings with the poor conditions in

Calcutta "the natives themselves...educated to cleanliness & health by

the enforcement of sanitary regulations in the large towns." When an

old man he visited Claydons, where Margaret Verney donated him a print portrait

of Florence which he later bequested in his will to Somerville College. A.

Sorabji, an Indian writer, was a student barrister at Somerville College in

1890s, when the Master of Balliol, pointing to the picture declared her love

for him: the story was never confirmed. In another story entirely Margot

Tennant later wife of Henry Asquith, befriended Jowett, only to learn that he

had had a "violent...very violent" relationship with Nightingale.

Jowett was an éminence grise of liberal theology but could be somewhat

chaotic in his recollections. Jowett was appointed to the Regius

Professorship of Greek in autumn 1855. He had been a tutor of

Balliol and a clergyman since 1842 and had devoted himself to the work of

tuition: his pupils became his friends for life. He discerned their

capabilities and taught them to know themselves. This made him a reputation as

"the great tutor". A great disappointment, his repulse for the

mastership of Balliol, also in 1854, appears to have roused him into the

completion of his book on The Epistles of St Paul. This work,

described by one of his friends as "a miracle of boldness", is full

of originality and suggestiveness, but its publication awakened against him a

storm of theological opposition from the Orthodox

Evangelicals, which followed him more or less through life. Instead

of yielding to this, he joined with Henry Bristow Wilson and Rowland Williams,

who had been similarly attacked, in the production of the volume known as Essays and Reviews.

This appeared in 1860 and gave rise to a strong outbreak of criticism. Jowett's loyalty to those who were

prosecuted on this account was no less characteristic than his persistent

silence while the augmentation of his salary as Greek professor was withheld.

This persecution was continued until 1865, when E. A. Freeman and Charles Elton discovered

by historical research that a breach of the conditions of the professorship had

occurred, and Christ Church, Oxford, raised the endowment from £40 a year to

£500. Jowett was one of the recipients of Nightingale's three volume work Suggestions

for Thought for proof-reading and criticism. In the third volume

of Essays and Reviews he contributed On the

Interpretation of Scripture in which he attempted to reconcile her

assertion that religion was law and could be unified with science. Her radical

thoughts on women's place in the home, and his departure from liberal Anglican

theology helped to block his career advancement for a decade to the Mastership

of Balliol. By 1860, he was already Regius Professor of Greek and

a Fellow of

Balliol, but an increase in his stipend was withheld. While the work

gained fulsome praise from philosopher-politician John Stuart Mill, it

profoundly shook the more traditional establishment's fervent belief that the

working-classes would continue to worship in parish churches. Recognition that

this was no longer so, was just one of the theological departures. In

October 1862 he was invited to Oak Hill Park to offer Florence the sacrament. Accepting

the prospect with relish, he nonetheless consulted with Archbishop Tait for

permission. Many of his letters to her and Mrs Bracebridge have survived; their

religion was tinged with a mutual respect for their shared common interests and

intellectual gifts. Also included is an unflattering

description of a middle-aged man.

RARE "Translator of Plato" Benjamin Jowett Hand Written Note

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