RARE “Defended Queen of the UK” Nicholas Conyngham Tindal Hand Written Letter For Sale

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RARE “Defended Queen of the UK” Nicholas Conyngham Tindal Hand Written Letter:
$6999.99

Up for sale a RARE! “Defended Queen of the UK” Nicholas Conyngham Tindal Hand Written 2 Page Letter . This is one of the only hand written documents to come to sale in the last 20 years as most of the other documents are archived at the British Conyngham Tindal, PC (12

December 1776 – 6 July 1846) was a celebrated English lawyer who

successfully defended the then Queen of the United Kingdom, Caroline of Brunswick, at

her trial for adultery in 1820. As Chief Justice of

Common Pleas, an office he held with distinction from 1829 to 1846,

he was responsible for the inception of the special verdict "Not Guilty by reason of insanity" at the trial of Daniel M'Naghten. Judge Tindal was born in the Moulsham area of Chelmsford, where 199 Moulsham Street is today, and the site

is marked with a commemorative plaque. Tindal's father, Robert Tindal, was an

attorney in Chelmsford, where his family had lived at Coval Hall for three

generations. His great-grandfather, Nicolas Tindal, was the translator and continuer of the

History of England by Paul de Rapin – a seminal work in its

day – and he was also the great great grandnephew of Matthew Tindal, the deist and author of Christianity

as Old as the Creation (known as the 'deist's bible') and descendant

of Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh. Nicholas's

branch of the Tindal family were descended from John Tindal, Rector of Bere Ferris in Devon during the Commonwealth of England and

who has been claimed as the son either of Dean Tyndall or of (his father) John

Tyndall, both of Mapplestead, Essex. John Nichols, in the 18th century, set out

a genealogy maintaining that the family derived from Baron Adam de Tyndale

of Langley Castle,

Northumberland, a tenant-in-chief of Henry II, though this has been challenged  Through

this line, Tindal would have been collaterally descended from William Tyndale, translator of the bible. Tindal was descended

from a number of great legal figures, all of whom were members of Lincoln's Inn. John Fortescue, was a

great medieval jurist and Lord Chancellor of Henry VI of England;

William Yelverton was an earlier Lord Chief Justice of England; Roger Manwood was an Elizabethan Lord Chief Baron of the

Exchequer; and his nephew, John Manwood, Nicholas's great great great grandfather, was

the author of 'the Forest Laws'. Tindal was educated at King Edward VI

Grammar School in his home town of Chelmsford, and later at Trinity College, Cambridge,

where he graduated eighth Wrangler in

1799 and was elected fellow in 1801. A statue to him stands in his home town, and

a house at his old school is

now dedicated to his memory. Called to the Bar in Lincoln's Inn in 1810 (having

practised as a Special Pleader for

many years, as was then customary), Tindal soon attained a reputation for his

learning. In 1818, as counsel in the appeal of Ashford v Thornton, he

successfully arguing that Thornton was entitled to trial by battle. It does not appear that his success in the

law was followed by success in the battlefield for his client, however, who was

deprived of the opportunity by his accuser's unwillingness and a change in the

law. Elected Tory Member of Parliament (MP) for the Scottish

constituency of Wigtown Burghs from

1824 to 1826; he was MP for Harwich in

1826 before serving as the Member for Cambridge University in 1827. Tindal served as Solicitor

General from 1826 to 1829, when he was appointed to the bench. An

example of Tindal's learning can be found in his speech to the House of Commons

in 1826 on a motion to allow counsel to the defence to make a closing speech. Although his conclusion would find little

favour today, Tindal demonstrated an appreciation of the role of prosecuting

counsel as a minister of justice and the influences of counsel on a jury that

would be recognised by any criminal practitioner in the 21st century. Almost as

an afterthought, Tindal added a passionate defence of the 'anomalies' of

English law that, in his opinion and that of so many others before and since,

are its greatest attributes. At the Bench, Tindal's greatest achievement was to

reform significantly the application of the criminal law. By introducing to the

common law the special verdict of "Not Guilty by reason of insanity" and of the

defence (to murder) of provocation, he left a legacy that remains to this

day. Daniel Drummond, secretary

to Robert Peel (then Prime Minister), but there was no doubt

that he was seriously mentally ill and he was acquitted in a verdict so

sensational that Queen Victoria herself called for him to be retried in the

House of Lords. Whilst this undoubtedly offended the principle of double jeopardy, the House called upon a panel of judges,

headed by Tindal, to advise them on the course to take where defendants

committed crimes whilst insane. This advice, leading to the special verdict,

remains the foundation of the law of insanity throughout the English common law world.

He directed the jury in the case of the Bristol riots on the rejection of the reform bill in 1831

with the duties at common law to suppress tumultuary meetings. In the case of Regina v Hale,

Tindal ruled that, where a defendant was provoked to such a degree that any

reasonable man would lose his self-control and then killed the person

responsible for that provocation, the defendant would be guilty only of

manslaughter. This judgment has also stood the test of time and is the basis of

the common law defence of provocation and was incorporated

into section 3 of the Homicide Act 1957. The significance of these judgments was to

remove the spectre of the noose from many vulnerable prisoners in an era of the

widespread application of the death penalty; and to reform the law through the

greater recognition of the importance of differing states of mind (mens rea) in those accused of the most serious crimes. In the

context of the century that produced William Wilberforce, the

Earl of Shaftesbury and Benjamin Disraeli, Tindal's reforms to the cruel application

of the criminal law deserve to be remembered as social reforms of great

importance. Towards the end of his career, Tindal yet again demonstrated the

quality that was to lead to his great popularity amongst the public; namely, his high standard of judicial

independence from the state and the wide ambit and discretion he would give to

juries. In the case of Frost (1839–40), a prisoner had escaped

and led 5,000 armed men into Newport, where they shot at regular troops. Directing the jury

to consider charges of treason, Tindal said that, were Frost's

motives only to free local Chartists from jail, as opposed to intimidating

Parliament into enacting radical constitutional reform, they should find him

guilty of riot only.[8] Whilst Frost was ultimately convicted, Tindal's

direction differed from the legal practice of many of his brother judges at the

time and since.

RARE “Defended Queen of the UK” Nicholas Conyngham Tindal Hand Written Letter

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