Munich Putsch Adolf Hitler Jailed Ludendorff Freed Treason April 1 1924 B29 For Sale

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Munich Putsch Adolf Hitler Jailed Ludendorff Freed Treason April 1 1924 B29:
$109.00

Original Lewiston Evening Journal ...... April 1 1924 (18 Pages)

Ludendorff Acquitted in Treason Trial. Adolf Hitler and Associates Found Guilty - Five Year Sentence.

This is anextremely rare find, regarding fourGermans involved in the \"Beer Garden Revolution\" Munich - Eric Von Ludendorff, Adolf Hitler, Ernst Poehner and Colonel Kriebel

Hitler was later Sentenced to 5 years Imprisonment .

This is an original newspaper, it is in good condition for being over 90 years old

The Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923, orthe Munich Putsch, was Hitler’s attempt to overthrow the Weimar government of Ebert and establish aright wing nationalistic one in its place.

In September 1923, the Chancellor GustavStresemann and President Ebert had decided that the only way Germany couldproceed after hyperinflation was to agree to work with the French as opposed toagainst them. Both called for passive resistance to be called off in the Ruhr Valley.In this sense, Stresemann agreed that the only way forward was for Germany to payreparations as demanded by the Treaty of Versailles.

To the nationalists in Germany, this was an admittance ofguilt for starting the First World War. This admittance of guilt brought withit the punishment of reparations. Therefore, the logic of the nationalists wasthat Ebert and Stresemann were agreeing that Germany was guilty of starting thewar – something they could not tolerate.

By 1923, many right wing parties hadgravitated to southern Germanyand primarily Bavaria.Here there were geographically as far away from Berlin without totally isolating themselvesfrom the German people. Their headquarters was essentially Munich.

One such group was the fledgling Nazi Party.Lead by Adolf Hitler it had about 35,000 members by 1923. Though this figureappears low in the whole scheme of German politics (in the 1920 election theNazis had not got one seat in the Reichstag), there were only about 40 membersof the Nazi Party in 1920, so its growth rate was relatively quick. However,nationally, the Nazis Party was just one of a number of loud right-wingparties.

On November 8th and 9th1923, Hitler used theanger felt against the Berlin government in Bavaria to attempt an overthrow of the regionalgovernment in Munichin prelude to the take-over of the national government. This incident isgenerally known as the Beer Hall Putsch.

The fact that Hitler had only an estimated35,000 followers to take over Germany’ssecond city showed his political naivety in 1923. Hitler placed all his hopeson people in Munich following his lead havingbeen angered by the central government’s response to the Ruhrcrisis. Such support never materialised.

On November 8th 1923, the Bavarian PrimeMinister, Gustav Kahr, was addressing a meeting of around 3000 businessmen at abeer hall in Munich.Kahr was joined by some of the most senior men in Bavarian politics including Seisser, Bavaria’spolice chief, and Lossow, the local army commander.

GustavKahr

Hitler and 600 of his Stormtroopers (the SA)went into the meeting from the back of the hall. These SA men, lead by ErnstRohm, lined the sides of the hall in an attempt to intimidate those in the beerhall. It is said that Hitler, once on the speaker’s platform, shouted out thefollowing:

“Thenational revolution has broken out. The hall is surrounded.”

SAmen outside of the Beer Hall

Kahr, Lossow and Seisser were taken into aside room. Here, threatened by guns, Kahr is said to have agreed to supportHitler in his attempt to take-over the government in Berlin. Hitler promised Kahr that he wouldget a key position in the new national government and Lossow was promised asenior post in the German Army.

However, the historian William Shirer claimsthat Kahr refused to listen to Hitler and refused to be intimidated. Hitler wasso unnerved by his silence that, according to Shirer, he rushed back to thestage about ten minutes later. Karl von Muller, who was at the meeting and wasa witness at Hitler’s trial, also states that the group was absent from thestage for about ten minutes. Hitler declared to the waiting audience that Kahrhad agreed to support him even though he had not.

When Hitler did return to the main hall, itwas in such disarray that he fired a shot from his pistol into the ceiling andthreatened to put a machine gun in a gallery if the people in the hall did notsettle so that they could hear him.

Once the people in the hall had settledHitler addressed them. Muller said the following at Hitler’s trial:

“(When he spoke) it was a rhetorical masterpiece. In fact, in a few sentences he totally transformed the mood of the audience. I have rarely experienced anything like it.”

Kahr and then the national war heroLuderndorff addressed those in the hall after Hitler had spoken. Both statedtheir support for Hitler and his attempt to overthrow the government. Mullerstated that Hitler was “radiant with joy”.

However, Shirer puts a different slant onthis episode. He claims that Luderndorff was furious that Hitler had attemptedto do what he did without his prior support.

Luderndorff had retired to Bavaria after the war and had been taken inby the early rhetoric of Hitler. But he did expect that his national statusentitled him to be more involved with decisions made within the party. In thiscase, Hitler had not consulted the general about the putsch.

Shirer claims that Luderndorff was pale andashen faced when he spoke to the audience about the “great national cause” andthat this was because he was so angered by what Hitler had done. Luderndorff’sdemeanour and facial appearance is also supported by Muller who said the sameat Hitler’s trial.

Once it became clear that Luderndorffsupported Hitler, it seems that Kahr then agreed to publicly declare hissupport for Hitler. Once this happened the meeting started to break-up and theSA allowed people to leave.

We may never know what exactly took place that evening but the end result isthat Hitler gained the support he had wanted from Bavaria’s senior politicians.

Once the beer hall meeting was over, Hitlerstarted to plan his take-over of Munich.But Hitler had made one major error. He had let Kahr and his colleagues go.They reported what had happened to Berlinand the central government ordered that the army and police should put down theNazis once they started their march. After his experience in the beer hall,Kahr was in no mood to disagree.

On November 9th, Hitler started his marchwith his followers. By the morning he knew that the army and police had beenalerted that the Nazis would try to take over vital buildings in Munich. However, ratherthan call off the venture and lose any form of credibility, Hitler placed infaith in two things:

He would appeal to the army and police tosupport him and the Nazis in their national crusade against a dishonourable government.With Luderndorff leading the march, he wasconfident that no one would fire on them, as they were lead by such a famouswar hero.

Hitler started the march to the centre of Munich with 3000 men. Atthe centre of the city they were faced by 100 armed police and soldiers whoblocked them from going down a narrow street called the Residenzstrasse. Whathappened next is not clear but shots were fired. The firing continued for justone minute but in that time sixteen Nazis and three policemen were killed.

Hitler had a dislocated shoulder. Some saythis is was caused by his attempts to seek cover once the firing started.Hitler, (and the official biography of Hitler published after 1933) claimedthat it was because he had caught a colleague as he fell who had been mortallywounded and the stress on his shoulder had dislocated it.

Hitler is said to have been driven away fromthe scene in a yellow car that was waiting for him. He was arrested two dayslater and was charged with treason. Luderndorff marched to a nearby squarewhere he was arrested.

Why did Hitler do what he did? There wasalways the possibility that he would be killed or severely wounded as he knewthat he would have been at the front of his followers. However, fours years onthe Western Front may have dulled his fear of danger.

There is always the possibility that Hitlerwas forced into taking this action because members of the SA in Munich were becoming veryrestless. Their leader, Wilhelm Brucker, claimed that they wanted action.

“I said to Hitler personally: “The day is coming when I can no longer hold my people. If nothing happens now the men will melt away. We had very many unemployed men among us, men who had spent their last few pence on training, because, as they said, we will strike soon. Then we will be taken into the army and we will be out of the entire mess.”

Faced with the potential loss of men, wasHitler pushed into an action that he may not have wanted to get involved with?Was it rushed so much that Hitler did not have time to seek the advice andsupport of Luderndorff – hence the generals anger on November 8th? In lateryears, Hitler portrayed the Beer Hall Putsch as a great example of bravery butsuch was the control of information from 1933 to 1945, we may never know thefull truth. What actually did happen did not come out in his trial.

What was Hitler’s assessment of the BeerHall Putsch? In later years, he stated that it had been a success because ithad not succeeded. In 1933, Hitler claimed that if they had succeeded in takingover Germany,they would have been faced with a national situation which the Nazis would nothave been able to control. The Nazi Party was less than four years old and thedepth of political experience was simply not there for the party to run thecountry.

However, Hitler did state that its outcomewas to give the party its first martyrs and these deaths were used to greatsuccess when it came to Nazi propaganda.

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