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140 page ROAD CONSTRUCTION Concept Concrete Pavement PowerPoint Presentation CD For Sale
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140 page ROAD CONSTRUCTION Concept Concrete Pavement PowerPoint Presentation CD : $12.99
Thank you! If you do not wish to have your item(s) delivered on data disc(s), I can provide them on a flash drive and other means as well. Just let me know if a disc does not work for you and we can discuss delivery by other methods. COMBINING SHIPPING COSTS Are you purchasing multiple items? I will: a) combine all invoices before payment and charge shipping equivalent to one item, or b) refund all shipping costs in excess of one item after payment. All derivative (i.e. change in media; by compilation) work from this underlying U.S. Government public domain/public release data is COPYRIGHT © GOVPUBS $3.00 first class shipping in U.S. Includes the Adobe Acrobat Reader for reading and printing publications. Numerous illustrations and matrices. Contains the following key public domain (not copyrighted) U.S. Government publication(s) on one CD-ROM in both Microsoft PowerPoint and Adobe Acrobat PDF file formats: TITLE: Road Construction I, II and III, 140 slides SLIDE TOPICS, SUBTOPICS and CONTENTS:
Road Construction I: General Concepts Quality Assurance Representative Training May 2007 Outline Typical pavement cross-sections Drainage Retaining walls Asphalt concrete – mixture designPavement Types - Rigid Pavement Types - Flexible Pavement Types - Flexible Pavement Types - Flexible Asphalt Pavements - Terms Subgrade - the foundation of the pavement that may be: Natural, in-place material Compacted fill Section 02300 Asphalt Pavements - Terms Subbase course - provides: load distribution to the subgrade frost protection economy Section 02721 Asphalt Pavements - Terms Base course - a layer directly beneath the surface course to distribute loads provide drainage and provide frost protection Section 02722 Asphalt Pavements - Terms Surface course - a structural surface designed to resist the effects of tire pressures weather abrasion Section 02741 Asphalt Pavement Types Typical Cross Section Measuring Crown Slope Typical Cross Section Stone Culvert Stone Culvert Stone Culvert Stone Culvert Concrete Culvert Pipe Installation in Trench Soils – Ease of Compaction Compaction in Small Areas Flowable Fill (Controlled Low-Strength Material) Pipe Installation on Embankment Headwall for 600 & 800 mm Walls Retaining Walls Retaining Walls Retaining Walls Retaining Walls Why drainage is so important Retaining Walls Drainage Shaping Ditches Drainage Stone Work Drainage Curb and Gutters Drainage Durability of Curbs Soil Compaction Equipment Variables influencing effectiveness Gross weight Drum or tires or “feet” Vibratory versus static Speed Number of passes Soil Compaction Equipment Smooth drum Vibratory most effective Static for sealing Soil Compaction Equipment “Footed” Rollers Kneading action Compacting from bottom to top (walking out) Soil Compaction Equipment Rubber-tired roller Effective for most soils (but not highly plastic soils) Finds weak spots! Tire pressure is important Effectiveness of Roller Types Don’t Compact in Snow Asphalt Mixture Design “Job mix formula” 50-blow versus 75-blow Aggregate information Binder type (penetration) Asphalt cement bitumen Percent binder Asphalt Mixture Design Penetration Grading 60-70 is common Asphalt Mixture Design Asphalt Mixture Design Asphalt Mixture Design Discussion Road Construction II: Materials Quality Assurance Representative Training May 2007 Aggregates and Soil Particle sizes and distributions Crushing Aggregate properties Relative density (Proctor) Liquid and plastic limits Unified Soil Classification System Portland cement concrete – mixture proportioning Particle Sizes Boulder – average dimension >= 305 mm Cobble – average dimension = 76 to 305 mm Coarse Aggregate (gravel) – retained No. 4 sieve (4.76 mm) Fine Aggregate – retained No. 200 sieve (0.075 mm) Silt and clay – passing No. 200 sieve (0.075 mm) U.S. Department of Agriculture: clay < 0.002 mm Particle Size Distributions Aggregate Crushing Aggregate Production Aggregate Production Sieving Sieve Numbers Aggregate Gradation Aggregate Gradation Aggregate Soundness Five cycles (typical) of wetting and drying Calculate % loss Applicable to various sieve sizes LA Abrasion 500 revolutions (typical) Sieve over No. 12 (1.70-mm) sieve Calculate % loss Flat and Elongated Particles Laboratory Compaction Modified Proctor (typically 152 mm diameter) 5 layers, 56 blows each 4.54 kg rammer 457 mm drop Volume = 2125 cm3 Energy = 2,700 kN-m/m3 Moisture-Density Curve Field Density Unified Soil Classification System Adapted from the Airfield Classification System Grouping is based on engineering properties Relies on two basic properties: Gradation for < 75 mm Plasticity of minus No. 40 fraction Unified Soil Classification System Fine-Grained Soil USCS – fine-grained soil USCS – coarse-grained soil Coarse fraction: > #200 USCS – coarse-grained soil USCS – coarse-grained soil Portland Cement Concrete Portland Cement – ASTM C 150 Type I = ordinary Type III = high-early strength Type V = high sulfate resistance Portland Cement Concrete Compositional requirements Ask for mill test certificate Physical requirements Good for quick checks on variable cement sources Portland Cement Concrete Design strength (f’c) versus Required target strength (f’cr) for supplier Portland Cement Concrete rock : sand : cement ~ 3 : 2 : 1 (by volume) Portland Cement Concrete Accurate Mix Design Absolute material volumes ACI 211.1 Trial batches Slump Air Temperature Unit weight Strength Portland Cement Concrete Strength is highly dependent on w/c ratio:Water = “mixing water” Excludes water absorbed by aggregate Includes free water on aggregate surfaces Portland Cement Concrete Coarse Aggregate Largest control Drying Cement Concrete Mortar fraction Sand, cement, and water Must coat coarse particles Shrinks as it gains strength Provides lubrication Must be air-entrained for freeze-thaw environment Concrete Batch Plant Concrete Batch Plant Concrete Batch Plant Concrete Batch Plant Concrete Batch Plant Concrete Batch Plant Concrete Batch Plant Surface moisture on aggregates contributes to water/cement ratio Accounting for Aggregate Moisture Moisture probes for aggregate near point of batching concrete Temporary Speedy or microwaveConcrete DeliveryDiscussion Road Construction III: Asphalt and Surface and tack coats Placement of asphalt concrete Asphalt plantsAsphalt Concrete Pavements Preparatory Meeting Discussion Issues Equipment Laydown Machine Control Testing Timing Number of Tests Responsible Parties Reporting Test Section Binders Asphalt Cement (Bitumen) Viscosity Grade: AC-20 Penetration Grade: 60-70 Emulsions – asphalt dispersed in water with help from an emulsifying agent (surface-active) Cutbacks – asphalt made fluid by petroleum solvent (naphtha or kerosene) No diesel! Prime and Tack Coats Prime on base (may or may not be required) Tack on asphalt surface Purpose is to bind pavement layers Prime Coat Emulsion Cutback Type depends on base porosity and air temperature Rate of application = 0.7 to 1.8 liter/m2 Residual asphalt Tack Coat Emulsion Cutback Heated asphalt cement (bitumen) High penetration grade to keep temperature requirement low Rate of application = 0.2 to 0.7 liters/m2 Residual asphalt Prime and Tack Coats Important to have: prepared surface, proper application rate, and sufficient cure time (24 to 48 hours) Reduce amount of construction traffic on tacked surface as much as possible Clean before placing HMA on top Tack Coat Tack Coat Tack Coat Tack Coat HMA Laydown Operations HMA Laydown Operations Symptoms of Problems with Hot-Mix Asphalt Blue Smoke Stiff Appearance Some Aggregates Not Coated with AC Shiny, Wet Appearance Liquid Asphalt Dripping from Haul Truck Dull Brown Color Steam Segregation HMA Laydown Operations Common Temperatures AC storage – 150 to 175 C Aggregate – 145 to 160 C Mixing – 130 to 165 C Compaction – 85 to 165 C Begin rolling at hottest temperature at which the mix will support the roller without moving horizontally (i.e. cracking). Check Cracking Purposes of Compaction To prevent further densification under traffic (rutting) To provide shear strength To ensure mixture is waterproof To prevent excessive oxidation of asphalt binder 3 Stages of Stages of Rolling HMA Compaction HMA Compaction HMA Compaction HMA Compaction HMA Joints HMA Joints HMA Joints HMA Joints HMA Joints HMA Joints – Weak Link Hand Work Smoothness Field Density Satisfactory HMA Paving Proper Mix Design Surface Preparation Satisfactory Laydown Techniques Sufficient Rollers and Satisfactory Rolling Techniques Satisfactory Mixture Thickness Satisfactory Joint Construction Techniques Specification Section Asphalt Plants Batch plant Drum Mix plant Batch Plant Batch Plant Two places where aggregate gradation is controlled Batch Plant Batch Plant Second place to control gradation Batch Plant Batch Plant Drum Mix Plant Drum Mix Plant Calibrating Cold Feed Calibrating Cold Feed Discussion
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