\"Nobel Laureate in Medicine\" Peter J. Ratcliffe Signed 4X6 Picture Postcard For Sale

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\"Nobel Laureate in Medicine\" Peter J. Ratcliffe Signed 4X6 Picture Postcard:
$139.99

Up for sale the "Nobel Laureate in Medicine" Peter J. Ratcliffe Signed 4X6 Picture Postcard.

ES-7504E

Sir

Peter John May 1954) is a British Nobel trained as a nephrologist. He was a

practising clinician at the John Radcliffe Hospital,

Oxford and Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine and head of the

Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford from

2004 to 2016. He has been a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford since

2004. In 2016 he became Clinical Research Director at the Francis

Crick Institute, retaining a position at Oxford as member of

the Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research and Director of the Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford. Ratcliffe

is best known for his work on cellular reactions to hypoxia, for which he shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William Kaelin Jr. and Gregg L. Semenza.

Ratcliffe was born in Lancashire on 14 May 1954, to William Ratcliffe and Alice

Margaret Ratcliffe. He attended Lancaster Royal Grammar

School from 1965 to 1972. He won an open scholarship

to Gonville and

Caius College, Cambridge in 1972 to study Medicine at the University of Cambridge and then completed his MB BChir medical

degree Hospital Medical College in 1978.

Ratcliffe then trained in renal medicine at Oxford University, focusing

on renal oxygenation. He earned a higher MD degree from

University of Cambridge in 1987. In 1990, Ratcliffe received a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship to study cellular

responses to hypoxia from low

oxygen levels in the blood From 1992 to 2004 he was Senior Research Fellow in

Clinical Medicine at Jesus College, Oxford. In

2002, Ratcliffe was accepted into the Academy of

Medical Sciences and was appointed the following year the Nuffield

Professor and Head of the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine at Oxford. In

1989, Ratcliffe established a laboratory in Oxford of Medicine to explore the regulation of erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone released by the kidneys and responsible for stimulating the production

of red blood cells. EPO was known to be produced by the kidneys

in response to low oxygen levels, and Ratcliffe's work looked to understand the

mechanisms of how the kidneys detected hypoxia (low oxygen levels in the blood)

to trigger EPO production. From his studies, Ratcliffe discovered that

the mRNA from kidneys that were part of the EPO production

pathway that were capable of detecting hypoxia was also present in several

other organs, both human and animal, including the spleen, brain, and testes. His

group found that cells from these organs could switch on EPO production when

deprived of oxygen. Further, Ratcliffe was able to modify other cells using the

identified mRNA to give these cells oxygen-sensing capabilities. Building on

these discoveries, the Ratcliffe group, along with joint studies with William Kaelin and Gregg Semenza, helped to uncover a detailed molecular chain of

events that cells use to sense oxygen. A specific step identified was the

binding of proteins expressed by the Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) to hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF),

a transcription factor which

trans-activates the EPO gene. Ratcliffe found that the VHL protein can bind a

hydroxylated residues of HIF when oxygen is present at acceptable levels; the

VHL protein then ubiquitylates the HIF protein which ultimately leads to the

HIF protein's destruction. When oxygen levels fall, oxygen-requiring HIF hydroxylase enzymes, PHD1, 2 and 3 no longer act and

VHL does not bind HIF, allowing HIF to remain and activate the EPO gene. This

is a process that takes minutes to complete allowing the body to react quickly

to hypoxia. This same pathway is also switched on in many cancer tumours,

allowing them to create new blood vessels to sustain their growth. Much of the

current understanding of hypoxia has emerged from the laboratory of Ratcliffe. The

understanding of the molecular pathway of EPO production from hypoxia has led

to the development of drugs that block VHL from binding with HIF to help treat

patients with anaemia and kidney failure. 

"Nobel Laureate in Medicine" Peter J. Ratcliffe Signed 4X6 Picture Postcard

$139.99

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