RARE "Nobel Prize in Chemistry" Ilya Progogine Signed Greeting Card COA for Sale

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RARE "Nobel Prize in Chemistry" Ilya Progogine Signed Greeting Card COA For Sale

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RARE "Nobel Prize in Chemistry" Ilya Progogine Signed Greeting Card COA:
$499.99

Up for sale aRARE! "Nobel Prize in Chemistry" Ilya Progogine Hand Signed Greeting Card Dated 1981.This item is authenticated By Todd Mueller Autographs and comes with their certificate of authenticity.
ES-2417

ViscountIlya Romanovich Рома́нович Приго́жин; 25 January[O.S.12 January]1917– 28 May 2003) was aphysical chemistandNobel laureatenoted for his work ondissipative structures,complex systems, andirreversibility. Prigogine was born inMoscowa few months before theRussian Revolutionof 1917, into a Jewish family.His father, Roman (Ruvim Abramovich) Prigogine, was achemical engineerat theImperial Moscow Technical School; his mother, Yulia Vikhman, was a pianist. Because the family was critical of the newSoviet system, they left Russia in 1921. They first went toGermanyand in 1929, toBelgium, where Prigogine received Belgian nationality in 1949. His brotherAlexandre(1913–1991) became an ornithologist. Prigogine studiedchemistryat theFree University of Brussels, where in 1950, he became professor. In 1959, he was appointed director of theInternational Solvay Institutein Brussels, Belgium. In that year, he also started teaching at theUniversity of Texas at Austinin theUnited States, where he later was appointed Regental Professor and Ashbel Smith Professor of Physics and Chemical Engineering. From 1961 until 1966 he was affiliated with theEnrico Fermi Instituteat theUniversity of Chicagoand was a visiting professor atNorthwestern University.In Austin, in 1967, he co-founded the Center for Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, now theCenter for Complex Quantum Systems.In that year, he also returned to Belgium, where he became director of the Center for Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics. He was a member of numerous scientific organizations, and received numerous awards, prizes and 53 honorary degrees. In 1955, Ilya Prigogine was awarded theFrancqui Prizefor Exact Sciences. For his study inirreversiblethermodynamics, he received theRumford Medalin 1976, and in 1977, theNobel PrizeinChemistry. In 1989, he was awarded the title ofViscountin theBelgian nobilityby theKing of the Belgians. Until his death, he was president of theInternational Academy of Science, Munichand was in 1997, one of the founders of the International Commission on Distance Education (CODE), a worldwide accreditation agency. Prigogine received an Honorary Doctorate fromHeriot-Watt Universityin 1985and in 1998 he was awarded anhonoris causadoctorate by theUNAMinMexico City. Prigogine was first married to Belgian poet Hélène Jofé (as an author also known as Hélène Prigogine) and in 1945 they had a son Yves. After their divorce, he married Polish-bornchemistMaria Prokopowicz (also known as Maria Prigogine) in 1961. In 1970 they had a son, Pascal. In 2003 he was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed theHumanist Manifesto. Prigogine is best known for his definition ofdissipative structuresand their role inthermodynamic systemsfar fromequilibrium, a discovery that won him theNobel Prizein Chemistry in 1977. In summary, Ilya Prigogine discovered that importation and dissipation of energy into chemical systems could result in the emergence of new structures (hence dissipative structures) due to internal self reorganization.In his 1955 text, Prigogine drew connections between dissipative structures and theRayleigh-Bénard instabilityand theTuring mechanism. Dissipative structure theory led to pioneering research inself-organizing systems, as well as philosophical inquiries into the formation of complexity on biological entities and the quest for a creative and irreversible role of time in thenatural sciences. With professorRobert Herman, he also developed the basis of thetwo fluid model, a traffic model intraffic engineeringfor urban networks, analogous to the two fluid model in classical statistical mechanics. Prigogine's formal concept ofself-organizationwas used also as a "complementary bridge" betweenGeneral Systems Theoryandthermodynamics, conciliating the cloudiness of some important systems theory conceptswith scientific rigor. In his later years, his work concentrated on the fundamental role ofindeterminisminnonlinear systemson both theclassicalandquantumlevel. Prigogine and coworkers proposed aLiouville spaceextension of quantum mechanics. A Liouville space is thevector spaceformed by the set of (self-adjoint)linear operators, equipped with an inner product, that act on aHilbert space. There exists a mapping of each linear operator into Liouville space, yet not every self-adjoint operator of Liouville space has a counterpart in Hilbert space, and in this sense Liouville space has a richer structure than Hilbert space. The Liouville space extension proposal by Prigogine and co-workers aimed to solve thearrow of time problemof thermodynamics and themeasurement problemof quantum mechanics. Prigogine co-authored several books withIsabelle Stengers, includingThe End of CertaintyandLa Nouvelle Alliance(Order out of Chaos). In his 1996 book,La Fin des certitudes, written in collaboration withIsabelle Stengersand published in English in 1997 asThe End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature, Prigogine contends that determinism is no longer a viable scientific belief: "The more we know about our universe, the more difficult it becomes to believe in determinism." This is a major departure from the approach ofNewton,EinsteinandSchrödinger, all of whom expressed their theories in terms of deterministic equations. According to Prigogine, determinism loses its explanatory power in the face ofirreversibilityandinstability. Prigogine traces the dispute over determinism back toDarwin, whose attempt to explain individual variability according to evolving populations inspiredLudwig Boltzmannto explain the behavior of gases in terms of populations of particles rather than individual particles.This led to the field ofstatistical mechanicsand the realization that gases undergoirreversible processes. In deterministic physics, all processes are time-reversible, meaning that they can proceed backward as well as forward through time. As Prigogine explains, determinism is fundamentally a denial of thearrow of time. With no arrow of time, there is no longer a privileged moment known as the "present," which follows a determined "past" and precedes an undetermined "future." All of time is simply given, with the future as determined or as undetermined as the past. With irreversibility, the arrow of time is reintroduced to physics. Prigogine notes numerous examples of irreversibility, includingdiffusion,radioactive decay,solar radiation,weatherand the emergence and evolution oflife. Like weather systems, organisms are unstable systems existing far fromthermodynamic equilibrium. Instability resists standard deterministic explanation. Instead, due to sensitivity to initial conditions, unstable systems can only be explained statistically, that is, in terms ofprobability. Prigogine asserts thatNewtonian physicshas now been "extended" three times:[citation needed]first with the introduction of spacetime ingeneral relativity, then with the use of the wave function inquantum mechanics, and finally with the recognition of indeterminism in the study of unstable systems (chaos theory).