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ANTIQUE CDV C. 1860s IOWA SENATOR JAMES HARLAN CLOSE FREIND OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN For Sale


ANTIQUE CDV C. 1860s IOWA SENATOR JAMES HARLAN CLOSE FREIND OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
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ANTIQUE CDV C. 1860s IOWA SENATOR JAMES HARLAN CLOSE FREIND OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN:
$199.99

ANTIQUE CDV C. 1860s IOWA SENATOR JAMES HARLAN CLOSE FREIND OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\"Senator Harlan\" redirects here. For the Ohio State Senate member, seeAaron Harlan.James HarlanUnited States Senator
fromIowaIn office
March 4, 1867– March 3, 1873Preceded bySamuel J. KirkwoodSucceeded byWilliam B. AllisonIn office
January 29, 1857– May 15, 1865Preceded byVacantSucceeded bySamuel J. KirkwoodIn office
March 4, 1855– January 5, 1857Preceded byAugustus C. DodgeSucceeded byVacant8thUnited States Secretary of the InteriorIn office
May 16, 1865– August 31, 1866PresidentAndrew JohnsonPreceded byJohn UsherSucceeded byOrville BrowningPersonal detailsBornAugust 26, 1820
Clark County, Illinois, U.S.DiedOctober 5, 1899(aged79)
Mount Pleasant, Iowa, U.S.Political partyWhig(Before 1855)
Free Eliza Peck
​​(m.1845; died1884)​Children4, includingMaryEducationDePauw University(BA)Signature

James Harlan(August 26, 1820 – October 5, 1899) was an attorney and politician, a member of theUnited States Senate, a U.S. Cabinet Secretary at theUnited States Department of Interiorunder PresidentAndrew Johnson, and a Federal Judge.

Early life[edit]

Harlan was born on August 26, 1820, inClark County, Illinois, and raised inIndiana. He was the son of Silas Harlan (1792–1868) and Mary (néeConnolly) Harlan (1796–1896).[1]

As a boy, Harlan attended local schools before graduating from Indiana Asbury University (nowDePauw University) in 1845.[2]

Career[edit]

In 1845, he moved toIowa City, Iowa, where he served as Superintendent of Schools. He also studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1850.[2]He joined the Whig Party and became active in politics. In 1850, Harlan declined the Whig nomination forGovernor of Iowa. From 1853 to 1855, Harlan was president ofIowa Wesleyan CollegeinMount Pleasant, Iowa.[2]

First Senate tenure[edit]Hon. James Harlan

In 1855, Harlan was elected by the Iowa legislature to theUnited States Senateas aFree Soil Partycandidate. In 1857, the U.S. Senate declared the seat vacant because of irregularities in that legislative election. He was re-elected by the legislature and seated as aRepublican, serving until 1865. In 1861, Harlan was a Delegate to thePeace Conferencethat tried to arrange a compromise to prevent theAmerican Civil War.[2]

Secretary of the Interior[edit]

Harlan was a close friend of PresidentAbraham Lincolnand his family. In 1865, after Lincoln\'s assassination, he resigned from the Senate when he was appointed asSecretary of the InteriorunderPresidentAndrew Johnson, an appointment he held until 1866. As secretary he announced that he intended to \"clean house\" and fired \"a considerable number of incumbents who were seldom at their respective desks\".[3]He had done so after requesting, in late May 1865, a report listing all employees who (1.) uttered disloyal statements since the bombardment of Fort Sumter, (2.) all those not known to entertain loyal sentiments or who had associated with those known to be disloyal, (3.) those who were inefficient or not necessary to transact public business, (4.) all such persons \"as disregard in their conduct, habits, and associations, the rules of decorum, [and] propriety proscribed by achristian civilization.\"[4]

Among this group was the poetWalt Whitman, then working as a clerk in the department, who received his dismissal note on June 30, 1865.[5]Harlan had found a copy ofLeaves of Grasson Whitman\'s desk as the poet was making revisions and found it to be morally offensive. \"I will not have the author of that book in this Department\", he said. \"If the President of the United States should order his reinstatement, I would resign sooner than I would put him back.\"[6]Twenty-nine years later, Harlan defended his firing of Whitman, saying that the clerk was dismissed solely \"on the grounds that his services were not needed\".[3][7]

Harlan was a member of theSouthern Treaty Commissionthat renegotiated treaties with Indian Tribes that had sided with the Confederacy, such as theCherokeeandChoctaw. As part of the new treaties, they had to emancipate theirslaves, as was being done by amendment within the United States, and offer them full citizenship in the tribes if they chose to stay in Indian Territory. If they left, the freedmen would become United States citizens. (Membership issues related to theCherokee FreedmenandChoctaw Freedmenhave become significant since the late 20th century.) Harlan resigned from the post in 1866 when he no longer supported the policies ofPresident Johnson.[1]

Second Senate tenure[edit]

In 1867, he was elected again by the Iowa legislature to the United States Senate and served until the end of his term in January 1873. During his senate service, Harlan was chairman of the committees of Public Lands; District of Columbia; Education; and Indian Affairs.[2]

Later career[edit]

Harlan was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872, and was also an unsuccessful candidate for governor in 1895.[2]After his Senate career ended, Harlan turned a previous house of his into theHarlan House Hotel.[1]

From 1882 to 1886, Harlan was appointed by PresidentChester A. Arthuraspresiding judgefor the Court of Commissioners, which heard cases related to theAlabama claims.[2]

Personal life[edit]James Harlan\'sstatuewas one of two representing Iowa in the U.S. Capitol until its replacement.

On November 5, 1845, Harlan was married to Ann Eliza Peck (1824–1884) by PresidentMatthew Simpson, who later became a bishop of theMethodist Episcopal Church. Ann was the daughter of James Peck and Eunice (née Knight) Peck, both of whom died duringCholera epidemic of 1832. Together, Ann and James were the parents of:[8]

  • Mary Eunice Harlan(1846–1937),[9]who married Lincoln\'s sonRobert Todd Lincolnin 1868. The couple lived during the summers at Harlan\'s home in Mount Pleasant.[10]
  • Silas James Harlan (1850–1850), who died in infancy.[8]
  • William Aaron Harlan (1852–1876), who was a close friend ofTad Lincoln.[11]
  • Julia Josephine Harlan (1856–1862), who died young.[8]

Harlan died on October 5, 1899, at his hotel inMount Pleasant, which become his residence in the early 1890s.[12]

Legacy[edit]

Harlan\'s residence, today known as theHarlan-Lincoln House, has been listed on theNational Register of Historic Places. Operated as a house museum, it exhibits memorabilia from both the Harlan and Lincoln families.[13]TheHarlan House Hotelis also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[12]

Acommemorative sculptureof Harlan resided in theUnited States Capitol, along with one of pioneer Iowa GovernorSamuel Kirkwood(each state may install two statues for display in the Capitol). The Harlan statue was located in theHall of Columnsuntil it was replaced in 2014 by a statue ofNorman Borlaug. The Harlan statue is now on display atIowa Wesleyan College.[14]

The city ofHarlan, Iowa, in Shelby County was named for him.[1]


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A Traveling Exhibition from Russell Etling Company (c) 2011