1967 The Wright Brothers Science Museum London by C.H. Gibbs-Smith Booklet for Sale

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1967 The Wright Brothers Science Museum London by C.H. Gibbs-Smith Booklet For Sale

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1967 The Wright Brothers Science Museum London by C.H. Gibbs-Smith Booklet:
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1967 The Wright Brothers Science Museum London by C.H. Gibbs-Smith Booklet
On December 17th, 1903, the Wright brothers were the first men in historyto make powered, sustained and controlled flights in an aeroplane; both themachine and engine were of their own design and construction. The longestof four flights lasted 59 seconds and covered over half a mile through theair. This achievement followed three years during which the brothers haddeveloped and perfected the design, construction and pilotage of gliders.In 1904, in the second of their powered “Flyers” (as they called them)they made about eighty brief flights—including some turns and a fewcomplete circles—the longest lasting just over five minutes, in order todiscover and master the basic techniques of controlling a powered machine.In 1905, the Wrights completed and flew their third Flyer, which wasthe world’s first practical powered aeroplane; during more than forty flights,the machine was repeatedly banked, turned, circled, and flown in figures ofeight; on two occasions it exceeded half an hour in flight duration.It was in 1902 and 1903 that illustrated information about the Wrights’gliding of 1900-02 reached France, and directly precipitated the first stageof practical European flying, at a time when European aviation was virtuallyat a standstill, following Lilienthal’s death in 1896.In August of 1908, Wilbur Wright started flying in France, and therebydirectly precipitated the second—and decisive—phase of practical Europeanaviation; this resulted chiefly from his masterly demonstration of flight-control, especially control in roll, and lateral control in general, which theslowly developing Europeans had neglected.The Wright brothers were the sons of a United Brethren Church bishop,and lived at Dayton, Ohio. They had progressed from the selling of bicyclesto their manufacture, and thereby made a comfortable living; this businessalone provided the funds for their aviation. It was the work of the greatGerman gliding pioneer Otto Lilienthal, and his dramatic death in 1896, thatfirst focused their mature attention on aviation. In their subsequent studyof bird flight, and of Lilienthal’s gliding, they became fully alive to theinefficiency of the latter’s method of seeking balance and control solely bybody-movements, as well as to the bird’s effortless mastery of these problems.Then, about 1899 the Wrights made their first decisive discovery and theirfirst decisive invention: they observed that gliding and soaring birds--evidenced especially by their local “expert” the buzzard—“regain theirlateral balance ... by a torsion of the tips of the wings”; and they decidedto apply this bird-practice to aeroplane wings. At first they thought ofvariable incidence wings, but abandoned the idea for structural reasons: thenthey hit on the technique of a helical twisting of the wings (“warping”), aftertoying with a long cardboard box. The Wrights’ “basic idea was the adjust-ment of the wings to the right and left sides to different angles so as to securedifferent lifts on the opposite wings” (Orville): the bare idea of such controlin roll had been previously envisaged, but had never been applied success-fully in practice, and never even been imagined in combined action with the...13841